Crime against Criminals essays

Wrongdoing against Criminals papers A Cult Icon Mark Chopper Read Imprint Chopper Read is a famous criminal from Australia. He is an infamous vocation criminal, illegal conflagrationist, menace, blackmailer, killer. He is currently an author with ten top of the line books portraying his criminal demonstrations, has had a film dependent on his life, featured in TV plugs and composed 3 childrens books. So for what reason do individuals regard and respect the man? Specifically, having seen the film and perused a couple of his books, it is simple he is an affable character, he stories are interesting, his feeling of honest gruff composing discloses to you a great deal about him and permits you to nearly become a close acquaintence with him, however you are left reasoning imagine a scenario in which there is different sides to the coin. He could depict his life of wrongdoing one might say of fun yet he can likewise decide to disregard his increasingly genuine or disliked violations he may have submitted. Indeed, even still the Chopper fan club has been around for along time now, before his first book was even distributed so there must be more to the thinking of why after all the violations he has submitted he is as yet a symbol? I think his casualties and ethics have a great deal to do with the esteem of Chopper, his ethics are basically that of the normal individual. He is accepts on just blackmailing street pharmacists, his reason is that they are getting a ton of cash for causing the nation hurt so in the event that he cannot stop them, at that point he will take a level of what they have. His homicide argument was against an individual from a hooligan motorbike group that threatened local people, despite the fact that there was inadequate verification he despite everything was charged. Chopper accepts that it is out of line for blameless individuals to experience the ill effects of wrongdoing, he is against medications and sellers thinking they are the least type of life since they target kids for cash, he professes to have never exploited anyone honest. So in this manner he is spoken to as somebody who is carrying out wrongdoing however ye ... <!

Great Gatsby’s Commentary on the American Dream Essay -- Literary Ana

There are times when reality misses the mark regarding desires, and when people neglect to satisfy their standards. The journey to accomplish what we truly need can be a comprehensive one, requiring the entirety of our dedication and exertion. It is particularly excruciating to see others have what we can't have. For the characters in Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby these issues are very genuine. Gatsby works for a lifetime to restore what he feels is legitimately his, while confronting the devastating acknowledgment that he might be past the point of no return. Fitzgerald utilizes this useless hunt to present the possibility that the glorified America Gatsby battled for has been debased after some time. Depictions of a place that is known for picket fences and white collar class opportunity is traded for one dependent on ravenousness and untruths, where characters will remain determined to acquire what they want. Fitzgerald gives a window into the American Dream, and shows that it has gotten one dependent on unethical behavior and misleading. Despite the fact that the marriage of Daisy and Tom Buchanan may have been founded on affection and dedication, it, similar to the American Dream all in all, has been ruined to get insincere and savage. Tom and Daisy are two individuals who are content with the fairly non-romantic relationship they share, and secure a kid like they would a precious stone neckband, a presentation of friendship instead of in light of a legitimate concern for beginning a family. One of the main signs that perusers get that the marriage is undesirable is when Tom intrudes on supper to accept a call from his fancy woman. This occasion neglects to create a scene in the family unit, and is only dismissed by Jordan, who criticizes the irritating time of the interference as opposed to its importance. Taking on the expelled job normally filled by Nick, she remarks that Tom’s fog... ... fixates on the empty characters of the East and their indiscreet and silly methods of living. Fitzgerald utilizes his work to give a social editorial on the idea of America and the state of the American Dream in accordance with society in the 1920’s. By utilizing characters like Nick as pariahs toward the Eastern universe of riches and advancement, he can give perusers a brief look into the fabulous life that the Buchanans lead, yet additionally uncover their blemishes. The consideration of Gatsby likewise helps in the production of the picture of the American Dream as one grounded in untruths and disloyalty. Where some may see the guarantee of America to be the capacity to increase an enormous bequest on Long Island, Fitzgerald shows this isn't sufficient, that the genuine dream is the capacity to not think about the wrecks one makes, and to have the option to leave them to another person to be tidied up.

Health and Medicine Between 1750 and 1900 free essay sample

Target: attempt to concentrate somewhat more on social gatherings not influenced to demonstrate assorted variety To What Extent Had Life Changed for People Between 1750 and 1900 (Prevention of Diseases) The Industrial Revolution somewhere in the range of 1750 and 1900 welcomed on significant advances in medication, particularly in the fields of cleanliness and immunizations for beforehand destructive maladies. Researchers began pondering forestalling sickness and disease and, during this time, figured out how to incredibly impact the wellbeing rehearses that we have today. In this exposition, I will show the coherence and change in the field of counteraction of infections. The upset for inoculations began with a revelation in 1796 by Edward Jenner. He found that both cowpox and smallpox were fundamentally the same as and that by infusing the patient with the sensibly innocuous cowpox they would then be resistant to smallpox! The finding of immunizations continued quickly and by 1900 an antibody had been found for: cholera (1879), Bacillus anthracis (1881), rabies (1882), lockjaw and diphtheria (created in 1890 by Emil Von Behring who likewise found neutralizing agents), typhoid fever (1896) and plague (1897). We will compose a custom paper test on Wellbeing and Medicine Between 1750 and 1900 or on the other hand any comparative theme explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Moreover, there were numerous other critical and compelling disclosures during the hour of the upset. X-beams were acquired in 1895 by Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen and in 1899 ibuprofen was fabricated by Felix Hoffman. These were all significant improvements and added to making infections not so much lethal but rather more extraordinary. In addition to the fact that medicine improved, cleanliness was modernized and embraced critical improvements. In 1867, Joseph Lister distributed his book ‘Antiseptic Principle of the Practice of Surgery’ and a sensational change followed-in any event, extending to the demise rates shooting down from 60% to 4% in one emergency clinic! It expressed that, rather than the specialist basically brushing their clinical instruments on an old cloth or their garments, the devices utilized ought to be washed in carbolic corrosive before next use. It likewise depicted the direness in cleaning wounds with the corrosive too to forestall contamination and a spread of maladies and blood harming. By 1900, neighborhood boards had begun to improve their water supplies and sewages to assist with staying away from malady. Beforehand, both had been in a similar flexibly and individuals would wash garments, wash and even cook with ewage ridden water-quickly making a more serious danger of microscopic organisms and infections spreading. Despite the fact that the 1800s had extraordinarily improved medication, there were as yet numerous lacking highlights in open medicinal services. Immunizations and appropriate treatment for illnesses like: rickets, diabetes, mumps, rubella, measles, chicken pox, challenging hack, lockjaw, pneumonia, yel low fever, typhus, polio, meningitis and meningitis (just as others) were not found until some other time in the twentieth century and along these lines there was as yet an enormous danger of death from getting a, dangerous at that point, infection. Maternity care was as yet a genuinely unexplored theme and ladies and children were at a high danger of death through an issue during the birth (for instance if the infant was stuck there were not many approaches to help). Little was likewise thought about the human body and blood and it was not until 1901 that blood classifications and similarity was found and 1907 when the main blood transfusion was made. Your economic wellbeing had a monstrous effect on the medicinal services given to you, there being no NHS as of now. Just as having better everyday environments generally and hence there being a littler possibility of coming down with a savage sickness, rich, privileged residents would have had the option to bear the cost of legitimate treatment and the further developed, complex fixes and meds this contradicting the circumstance of the less fortunate dominant part who might frequently need to depend on modest home cures that, more often than not, would have no effect at all on battling whatever infection or ailment that they had. Not just unfit to bear the cost of the correct treatment, the lower class living in towns and urban communities would have had little yet exceptionally packed homes and would have needed to manage a poor cleanliness framework. Hills of waste in the city at customary interims and lacking sewage get to were a couple of instances of this. The nineteenth century was still extraordinarily a period of predisposition towards men and in a family they would have been the need to keep solid because of the bigger assortment of work for and requirement for male laborers in essential ventures (despite the fact that this was significantly less significant for the privileged) . All through the Industrial Revolution, medication was significantly improved. Huge advancement had been made in the improvement of new clinical medicines and the discoveries of researchers during this time have extraordinarily contributed towards the guidelines of social insurance that we anticipate today. In any case, the new clinical advances didn't support everybody and just the individuals who could bear the cost of it were influenced by these changes. Setting off to the specialists could be costly and along these lines the more unfortunate class despite everything needed to depend on their own custom for fixes. In spite of the fact that this was a significant issue and being solid and at an okay of getting a savage malady was a practically unimaginable thing to accomplish during the ninth century, the Revolution was a significant advancement that to a great extent helped the general wellbeing over the long haul and totally remodeled the way that we see clinical wellbeing and cleanliness today.

The Advantages of College Research Paper Service

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My Personal Philosophy Of Special Education - 878 Words

This is a Summary about my personal Philosophy of Special Education. I will be giving my thoughts on the Purpose of schooling, Nature of Learners, Curriculum, Instructional Methods, Classroom management, Assessment practices and Professional relationships with family and community. Purpose of Schooling Special education has been a very important topic through the years since the beginning of the education program in the United States because of its philosophy on inclusion and educating individuals no matter their condition, context or cultural status. The purpose of Schooling students with special need is basic and fundamental for the growth of our Nation, is to identify children with unusual needs and help them fulfill those needs†¦show more content†¦Curriculum A curriculum tells you what to teach and when to teach it. The curriculum has to be linked to the state standards, that includes all the materials, strategies that we can use in our classroom, regular class educators don’t have to think outside the box, special Ed teachers have to think outside the box, the regular curriculum does not give you all the tools that you need to teach a special need students, this is why we always have to be thinking about accommodation and individualize education. Instructional Method I believe that the best instructional method for special needs students is the interactive and experimental method. Getting special needs student’s attention is not easy, but if we instruct them through themes of their interest it will become easier for their learning experience. I have seen students learn the numbers counting sharks, because that what they like. My philosophy with the instructional method is: if it gets their attention, let use it for the main goal that is for them to learn as much as they can. Classroom management It doesn’t matter if it is a regular class or a Special education class; order it is not an option. I know that Special Ed classes can be lightly loud, but that is not an excuse to not own the classroom. Learning experience comes when students are focusing and engaging with the theme and the educator and this goes to regular and Special Ed classes. WhenShow MoreRelatedMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Essay1034 Words   |  5 PagesMy personal philosophy of special education drives not from teaching in the field, but from, observations, and personal experience, and the workshops I attended. I have had the opportunity to work with individuals with special needs in many different settings, all this help cultivate my knowledge in handling the needs of the special needed student. Special needs students have the ability to learn, to function, to grow, and most importantly to succeed. The difference comes into how they learn orRead More My Philosophy of Teaching Essay 1400 Words   |  6 PagesPhilosophy of Education Education is something that every person should be given the chance to attain. It is vital for all people young, old, mentally impaired, ADHD, or whatever characteristic they may encompass. I believe everyone has the right to learn and be taught in an school environment. The law passed in 1975, P.L. 94-142, made numerous changes in the way certain children with special needs was being treated in the public school system. With the update in 1991, IDEA (IndividualsRead MorePhilosophy of Education985 Words   |  4 PagesMy Personal Philosophy of Special Education Christina L. Richardson Grand Canyon University: SPE-529N November 18, 2012 My Personal Philosophy of Special Education As educators, we need a foundation for why we want to teach, where students with different disabilities fit in that foundation, a rationale for how we teach, and a principle that keeps us striving to be the best educators we can be. The purpose of this essay is to point out what I believe the foundation, student location, rationaleRead MoreEssay on Educational Goals and Philosophy956 Words   |  4 PagesEducational Goals and Philosophies My life has been greatly influenced by family members who are educators: my mother is a third grade teacher, my father an elementary school principal, my sister a high school English teacher, and my brother who obtains a degree in agricultural education. This has instilled in me the desire to become, like them, a good educator but is defiantly not the only reason for my decision to peruse teaching as an occupation. There are several reasons why I haveRead MoreReflection1148 Words   |  5 Pageswith individuals with special needs than I ever thought I could within a time span of only 8 hours. I learned the importance of asking questions, giving clear and concise instructions, and setting an example to help students understand the difference between inappropriate and appropriate behavior. Throughout this paper, it is evident that the most important thing I learned from my field experience is to always believe in, and never hinder, a student’s potential. Personal Expectations Coming intoRead MoreDr. Combs . . . . . . . Educators Preserve Technique Before738 Words   |  3 PagesHowever, learners retain brilliant approach ahead of comprehending findings. I acquire a personal philosophy through reading chapter three chapter 4 in Foundations of American Education. My personal philosophy is Behaviorism seeing it is similar to the school I worked at as an Teacher’s Assistant. The ideas are similar to what I do currently. The ensuing paper presents my philosophy on special education seeing purpose of schooling, nature of learnings, curriculum, instructional methods, classroomRead MoreGeneral And Special Education Teachers Face Today1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many issues that general and special education teachers face today. The goal of both of these types of teachers should be that they try their best to make their students succeed. Teaching can be very difficult and people that are passionate about it should do it. However, many general and special education teachers face many challenges throughout their teaching careers that make teaching difficult for them. One issue that teachers lack today is lack of proper coaching from school staffRead MoreGeneral And Special Education Teachers Face Today1260 Words   |  6 PagesThere are many issues that general and special education teachers face today. The goal of both of these types of teachers should be that they try their best to make their students succeed. Teaching can be very difficult and people that are passionate about it should do it. However, many general and special education teachers face many challenges throughout their teaching careers that make teaching difficult for them. One issue that teachers lack today is lack of proper coaching from school staffRead MoreA Personal Philosophy Of Education869 Words   |  4 Pagesthe healthcare field continues to evolve so must the nursing education system. Personal Philosophy of Education A personal philosophy of education is important to all Nurse Educators. It allows for the Nurse Educator to truly take time to reflect and reconnect to themselves and their profession; highlighting what is central and sacred to them as an individual, a nurse, and an educator. I believe that my personal philosophy of education will continue to progress and change just as healthcare andRead More Behaviorism and the Never-Ending Need for Discipline Essays1219 Words   |  5 Pagesdictionary defines education as â€Å"the act or process of training by a prescribed or customary course or study of discipline.† I, however, see it as much more. Education, in my perspective, is the greatest gift a human can receive. I want to be one of the many caring individuals that can give this priceless gift- I want to be a teacher. There are many current trends and philosophies when dealing with education. Behaviorism, the philosophy of education in which I regard, will be incorporated into m y classroom

Nature Vs Nurture A Debate On Education Since The Late...

External Help: Maurika Smutherman WSSU Writing Center (336) 750-8748 wssuwritingcenter@wssu.edu Nature versus Nurture has been a debate in education since the late 1600’s. The debate began with John Locke s perspective of children as â€Å"tabula rasa† meaning blank slate, when he stated that at birth we are all the same, but it is our unique â€Å"experiences that write the script of our behavioral repertoire† (Allen, Boykin, Jagers, n. d.). His theory states that an individual s experience and environment is what makes them who they are. This idea gave us the foundation for our â€Å"nurture† argument, even though at the time he initially proposed this idea, it was seen to be in direct conflict with ideals of previous philosophers.†¦show more content†¦As a part of our research, we developed a survey of ten simple questions. These questions were designed to determine whether the student’s environment has affected their academic success. There were many patterns found in the collected data. As a group, we hypothesized that nature has a greater effect on an individual s academic success and upon our analysis of the data we continue to believe that an individual’s environment plays a pivotal role in their academic success. Based on the survey results, it declares that 95%, a vast majority, of the class set agrees that their environment has affected their educational experiences and academic career. The reports of Valerie Lee and David Burkham, authors of Inequality at the Starting Gate: Social Background Differences in Achievement as Children Begin School, are shared in Joel Spring’s American Education and show that there is indeed a connection between family factors and reading and math skills upon entering kindergarten. Skills that have been listed in correlation with stronger reading and math levels include: â€Å"frequency of reading at home, ownership of a home computer, exposure to performing arts, and preschool attendance† (Spring, 2013). Many students in our testing set could read before kindergarten and had access to

International Society Professional Innovation Management

Question: Discuss about the International Society for Professional Innovation Management. Answer: Introduction: Established in the year of 1967, Apple has emerged to be one of the most recognized American multinational technology companies, operating its business worldwide with unprecedented success (McManus et al., 2013). The organization, dealing with the production and sale of the consumer electronics, software and online service has expanded to different corners of the world, including Australia, where the organization has achieved enormous recognition and popularity in the consumer market. However, since the organization has been encountering tough competition from rival forces such as Samsung and Google, the organization is required to adopt a more organized approach towards the process of creating strategies for the organization. The following report intends to analyze the business environment of Apple Australia, current trends and statistics of its profitability, as well as the nature of competition, it is likely to face in the business market (Galloway, Albert, Freedman, 2013). Industry Market and Current Trends: A market is defined as an actual or even a nominal place which involves the purchase and sale of goods and services, and is primarily governed by the forces of demand and supply. The comprehension and a clear understanding of the industry market are highly essential as it helps an organization its own position in relation to the rival giants of the industry. The industry market evaluation helps a company gain competitive advantage over the rival organizations. As soon as Apple started expanding in other parts of the world, in the year of 2008, Apple was reported to have opened its first store in Australia. The growth of an organization helps in examining how far an organization has been able to compete in the competitive industry, and what are its future potentialities. As soon as the organization started introducing the iPhone 6, the company started experiencing a remarkable hike in sales in the Australian market. The organization gained immediate success, by getting an approximate 20.7 % market share in the smart phone industry of the foreign market, and the share of the Android or the Windows has witnessed a shocking drop of 1.1 % in terms of the profitability (JohnstoneShan McCarthy, 2016). However, in the Australian market, a research firm Telsyte has claimed that with the entry of new brands, (Oppo and Huawei) and with the situation of the falling Australian Dollar, the lower cost operators and the new entrants in the market are getting an upper hand (Golev, Werner Matsubae, 2016). In fact, the Apple is found to suffer from a low rate of growth in the market, as it can also be explained through the diagram, shown below: Considering the above diagram, it is easily understandable that the IOS market is likely to lose its share to Google Android, which can be run on majority of the handsets, and hence can emerge as the most commonly used operating system. It is here that Apple might lose its position in the Australian market. Profitability of an organization refers to the revenue earning capacity of an organization (Williams 2013). As far as the profitability of Apple is concerned, it should be noted that in the year of 2015, Apple recorded a sale of mere 3.4 million iPhones in Australia, as compared with the number of 4.0 million sales of different kinds of Android based phones being sold in the same market (Muller et al., 2015). Besides, Apple is also found to be encountering a strong competition from Galaxy 7, the major reason behind which is that the handset is also being sold, along with a virtual reality handset, and the sale of a handset, along with an accessory, promotes its popularity (Walla Scheigger, 2017). Besides, the company has been continually offering innovative features to the consumers, as opposed to Apple, which s not providing much innovation that could distinguish its iPhone 6 from iPhone 5 handset. Macro Environment Analysis: An organization conducting its business in overseas market must ensure that it is well-aware of the external factors of the environment of the nation, so that it can draft the most effective strategy before launching a new plan or a project. First of all, as far as the political factors are concerned, Australia has been facing challenges with the issue of political instability, and as a result, the production and distribution system of the products of Apple is likely to get affected in the Australian market (Grubert Altshuler 2016). The huge taxation and tariffs is also a huge challenge, while operating in the Australian market, as a result of which the profitability of the organization must be high for future sustenance. Hence, the slashing of the price can be a challenging situation for Apple in the Australian market. Next, as far as the economic factors are concerned, Australian market boasts of a very strong economy, as a result of high GDP and per capita income, and hence the d emand of the consumers will not cease, even if it slows down temporarily. However, the labor cost is very expensive, and it can hit the profitability of Apple Inc. operating in Australia. Among the social factors, it should be noted that the youth population is not very high, and hence the consumer market of smartphones and software is not as high as it is in the US market (Halloway et al., 2016). With respect to the technological factors, he governmental investment on the Research and Development activities (54%) has been soaring higher than before, and hence Apple can have a great scope of innovation in the market (Head et al., 2014). Nature of Competition: Competition refers to the possibility of a product of a particular company to be substituted by the product of a rival company. This kind of substitution may occur because of low price or even high quality of the rival product being sold (Wagner Hollenbeck). As an organization is operating in a foreign market, it must ensure that it is able to establish its superiority over the rival organizations, so that it can sustain itself in future. Herein lies the importance of organizational competition. Australia enjoys a highly favorable position as far as the market of the handheld devices is concerned. There has been a remarkable growth of 66.7 % growth in the sale of the handheld devices (Fogliasso Williams, 2014). In fact the sudden demand of the handheld consumers in the Australian marketcan be demonstrated with the help of the research report of ACMA. It was being found out that by the end of the year of 2012 as many as 8.67 million Australians were in possession of the handheld dev ices (Heracleous, 2013). However, while determining the competitive forces challenging Apple in Australia, are Google, Samsung and Motorola. Since Apple operates its business in a diverse market, it has a variety of competitive forces. In the market of iPad, Amazon and Microsoft are the main rival forces, while in the computer operating systems market, Microsoft is a major competitor of Apple. Some of the new entrants in the market such as Oppo,are offering products at a much lower price, and yet the innovative features, such as improved camera resolution is offering something new. On the other hand, the same design and features of Apple may not be able to attract the consumer attention. Again, Galaxy Note 7, is also offering innovative features, such as water resistance and wireless charging. In a nutshell, Galaxy Note 7 is one of the major competitors of Apple in the Australian market. Name of the Brand Strength Weakness Apple iPhone Better market recognition Availability in multiple colors More advanced iOS 10 More expensive Less RAM Storage capacity (2 GB) Samsung Galaxy Greater storage (RAM 4GB) Better camera resolution Not too many color options Battery and overheating issues Market Segmentation: A market segment refers to a group of consumers, or organizations with one or more similar characteristics, contributing to their more or less similar demand for a product (Theysohn et al., 2013). The market segmentation of any organization plays an important role, as it helps an organization in determining what its consumer market constitutes, and resultantly, which group of consumers should it try to address. Since the price of the Apple products are quite high, the target market of the organization mainly comprises of the Australians belonging to the upper middle class and upper class of the society (Piao Kleiner 2015). The brand has always embodied a sense of sophistication, distinguishing its identity from the easily affordable brands available in the market. Accordingly, the youth population chasing after social status, obsessed with the ideas of sophistication, luxury and social acceptance, form an important part of the segment. A target market refers to a group of consumers, whose needs and demands for products, an organization aims to fulfill through its production. The target market can be divided into two parts- the primary market segment and the secondary market segment. First of all, the primary market is the market segment of an organization that is considered by an organization as the most important market segment, which gives it the best chance to sell its products (Dizik, 2013). As far as the primary market segment of the organization is concerned, this group consists of a group of consumers who owe a very strong sense of loyalty to the brand. This group of consumers is well aware of the features and the benefits of the Apple products, and will continue to stick to the company even if the price continues to increase. The secondary target market refers to the market segment that consists of the second most important consumer segment, an organization intends to target (Dizik, 2013). The secondary mar ket segment, on the other hand consists of the tech savvy group of consumers, mainly belonging to the upper middle class, willing to experiment with the novel design and advanced features of the product. Since Apple as a brand has been synonymous with the idea of novelty and innovation, these group of consumers are highly influenced by the high tech products offered by the organization. However, it should be noted here, that these group of consumers can easily switch their preference from Apple to other rival products, as soon as a substitute is available in the consumer market. On the other hand, the consumers belonging to the primary market segment are more likely to retain their loyalty towards the brand named Apple. Level of Involvement of the Primary Segment: The level of involvement of a consumer refers to the extent a consumer conducts research, and the number of factors he considers before taking a purchase decision (Schiffman, 2013). As it is evident from the above paragraph, the primary market segment of the organization constitutes a group of consumers, who usually belong to the affluent strata of the society, who are being attracted to the branded value of the organization. This group of consumers will continue to exhibit their loyalty towards the organization. As it is already a well-known fact that the per capita GDP of Australia is much higher than the other countries, such as the United States, and hence the average number of consumers is not likely to face financial constraints, in purchasing the Apple products (Wang et al., 2015). As a result, the level of involvement of the consumers with the Apple products is quite high. There is no gain stating the fact that the buyers of Apple, a Mac computer or an iPhone, do not consider the products as mere electronic equipments. The Apple products form an important part of the self-expression and lifestyle of the consumers, and hence the products help to embody the social identity of the buyers. The degree of consumer involvement for a product plays a vital role in determining the profitability as well as long-term sustenance of the organization. Accordingly, the high involvement products are usually the ego-intensive luxury products, which cannot be afforded by all. The more expensive a product is, the more a consumer can be involved with its brand. In case of the Apple products, the average consumer demand has always been high, as a result of a hype created in the market. Hence, as even earlier mentioned by Steve Jobs, the organization does not require to rely overmuch on any kind of market research, as it busies itself with finding innovative strategies, that help in distinguishing the brand from its rival forces. Design and utility are undoubtedly important a ttributes that have been characterizing an Apple product, and contributes to the astounding revenue growth of the organization, from $8 billion to $180 billion, in between the years of 2004 and 2014 (Rivera, 2013). For example, iPhone 6 has witnessed a remarkable craze in the consumer market, and yet the phone has a lower resolution font, and lower capacity battery, and half as much a RAM than most of the other smart phones. Despite this fact, the research reports suggest that the consumers of Apple do not consider doing research before making future purchase. However, Apple products, being highly expensive are not likely to witness impulsive buying decisions from the consumers belonging to different strata of the society unlike Samsung. Hence, it is advisable that the organization keeps on emphasizing its brand value via its promotional method, that helps in drawing the attention of the high class consumers. Unlike the rival organizations of Apple, such as Samsung, HTC or LG, the o rganization does not consider the alternative of dropping down the price of its products. The organization has very selected group of consumers, who will keep on exhibiting a strong level of involvement, and hence the organization adheres to its own brand style. Even when other organizations are trying to satiate the consumer demand for larger phones, by introducing phablets, the Apple company refuses to produce anything other than smaller devices meant for one-hand operation. Thus, the decision-making strategy of the organization largely relies on bringing in the unique and most innovative features, rather than competing with the ordinary brands. Positioning Map: A position map involves a diagrammatic representation of the position of a product of an organization in relation to its competition (Yamada et al., 2013). The positioning map of Apple is being explained below: As it can be seen from the above diagram, keeping into consideration the primary market segment of the organization in the Australian market, the Apple Company has positioned most of its products in the high price segment. The product, unlike its arch rival Samsung, adopts a premium price strategy, meant for addressing only a selected group of Australian consumers. High quality and high price are the two areas where most of the Apple products are being positioned in the market. The premium price strategy of Apple ensures its consumers a high quality user experience with exquisite products. Conclusion: Apple has emerged to be one of the most recognized organizations in the world, and the value of the organization can be easily ascertained by the stock price of the brand, which was as much as $728.35 million. In fact, it should be noted here that the Forbes list has ranked Apple to be doubly valuable as compared with other organizations, such as Google or Microsoft. As the organization seeks to expand in other parts of the world, it is important to conduct effective marketing audit that helps to analyze and evaluate the effectiveness of investing in the Australian market. Considering the growth of per capita income in Australia, and the pricing strategy adopted by Apple, in different parts of the world, it can be easily said that Australia is bound to enjoy a potential growth in terms of its profitability in the Australian consumer market. Reference List: Bergvall-Kreborn, B., Howcroft, D. (2013, December). Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation: A Study of Amazon Mechanical Turk and Apple iOS. InISPIM Innovation Symposium(p. 1). The International Society for Professional Innovation Management (ISPIM). Dizik, A., 2013. Questions to Ask Before Determining Your Target Market. Fogliasso, C. E., Williams, A. (2014). Analysis Of The Business, Societal And Governmental Relationships Of Apple Inc.Leadership Organizational Management Journal,2014(1). Galloway, C. D., Albert, D. E., Freedman, S. B. (2013). iPhone ECG application for community screening to detect silent atrial fibrillation: a novel technology to prevent stroke.Int. J. Cardiol.,165, 193-194. Golev, A., Werner, T. T., Zhu, X., Matsubae, K. (2016). Product flow analysis using trade statistics and consumer survey data: a case study of mobile phones in Australia.Journal of Cleaner Production,133, 262-271. Grubert, H., Altshuler, R. (2016). Shifting the Burden of Taxation from the Corporate to the Personal Level and Getting the Corporate Tax Rate Down to 15 Percent. Head, B., Ferguson, M., Cherney, A., Boreham, P. (2014). Are policy-makers interested in social research? Exploring the sources and uses of valued information among public servants in Australia.Policy and Society,33(2), 89-101. Heracleous, L. (2013). Quantum Strategy at Apple Inc.Organizational Dynamics,42(2), 92-99. Holloway, J. C., Falk, M. G., Emery, R. N., Collins, P. J., Nayak, M. K. (2016). Resistance to phosphine in Sitophilus oryzae in Australia: A national analysis of trends and frequencies over time and geographical spread.Journal of Stored Products Research,69, 129-137. Johnstone, R., Shan, F., McCarthy, A. (2016). Chinese Dates (Jujubes)A Developing Industry in Australia. InChinese Dates: A Traditional Functional Food(pp. 319-333). CRC Press. Khan, U. A., Alam, M. N., Alam, S. (2015). A Critical Analysis of Internal and External Environment of Apple Inc.International Journal of Economics, Commerce and Management,3(6), 955-961. McManus, D. D., Lee, J., Maitas, O., Esa, N., Pidikiti, R., Carlucci, A., ... Chon, K. H. (2013). A novel application for the detection of an irregular pulse using an iPhone 4S in patients with atrial fibrillation.Heart Rhythm,10(3), 315-319. Mller, H., Gove, J. L., Webb, J. S., Cheang, A. (2015, December). Understanding and Comparing Smartphone and Tablet Use: Insights from a Large-Scale Diary Study. InProceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Australian Special Interest Group for Computer Human Interaction(pp. 427-436). ACM. Piao, M., Kleiner, B. (2015). Excellence in the Electronics Industry: The Comparison of the Organizational Culture among Apple Inc., Samsung Electronics and Google Inc.Conflict Resolution Negotiation Journal,2015(1). Rivera, R. (2013). Antitrust Law, Variant Patent Holdup Theories, and Injunctive Relief in Standard Setting Organizations.Illinois State Bar Association Section of Antitrust and Unfair Competition Law Newsletter,50(2). Schiffman, L., O'Cass, A., Paladino, A., Carlson, J. (2013).Consumer behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU. Theysohn, S., Klein, K., Vlckner, F. and Spann, M., 2013. Dual effect-based market segmentation and price optimization.Journal of Business Research,66(4), pp.480-488. Wagner III, J. A., Hollenbeck, J. R. (2014).Organizational behavior: Securing competitive advantage. Routledge. Walla, P., Schweiger, M. (2017). Samsung Versus Apple: Smartphones and Their Conscious and Non-conscious Affective Impact. InInformation Systems and Neuroscience(pp. 73-82). Springer International Publishing. Wang, Y. H., Lin, W. R., Lin, S. S., Hung, J. C. (2015). How does patent litigation influence dynamic risk for market competitors?.Technological and Economic Development of Economy, 1-14. Williams, C., (2013).Principles of management. South-Western/Cengage Learning. Yamada, Y., Hashizume, N., Sato, M., Kitamura, K. (2013).U.S. Patent No. 8,471,211. Washington, DC: U.S. Patent and Trademark Office.

The Indigo Children Review Essay Example

The Indigo Children Review Paper Essay on The Indigo Children Here there is a audiobook on danuyu topic: Indigo Children, or the evolution of consciousness According to some unusual phenomenon among children consistently manifested since the mid 50-ies of the last century. Consequently, many of those that are kept in this audiobook hand, belong to the category Indigo or ever could be attributed to the number of representatives of the so-called sixth race humanity Over the audiobook to work:. We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Children Review specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Children Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Indigo Children Review specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer project Manager Leo Zaleski Director Michael Zonov music Alexey Petrov Recording, mixing Mikhail Petrov, Alexander Mikhlin Editor Larisa Diaghilev Following Lydia Bayrashevskaya Total time -. 56 minutes This is an old problem that the old fashioned way as someone He is trying to amalchivat. Terminology and presentation professionals immersed in the subject, often err with respect to modern scientific concepts and terminology. Partly due to the fact that the theme neohvatna is not a field for observation, experimentation, live performance! From the point of view of teachers, not only those involved in the circle Valfdorfskoy pedagogy or methodology used Montessori, virtually all modern children Indigo. The observations allowed to identify: few elementary school students are not endowed with a sense of humor. It kriterialno because humor a manifestation of the divine (Shostakovich). Where did it all go? And how difficult our communication around people who do not share with us this divine feeling! Not to mention the many other our feelings For teachers and parents, to all who puzzled by the problem of support and development of the extraordinary abilities of the modern child is the work of the psychologist from St. Petersburg Eugene Oahu. 1. Children of the New Age 2. Hundredth monkey phenomenon 3. Attention deficit disorder and autism 4. speed of thinking and hyperactivity 5. New TV 6. Indigo and medicines 7. Children are not ashamed! 8. How to change the world 9. Chinese children 10. Indigo and non Indigo 11. Something about parenting 12. Schools Indigo 13. Mission 14. Conclusion

Write a Term Paper

Write a Term Paper Write a Term Paper Write a Term Paper If you have to write a term paper, it is useful to have an excellent sample of a term paper in front of you. Below is a short sample of a term paper on religious aspects of abortion. is a professional team of writers who are able to help you with writing a term paper on any topic! Custom term paper is fully referenced and has no copy/paste material! Our paper writing blog has many tips on writing and absolutely free samples and examples of term papers Term Paper Sample (Excerpt) Within recent years various Protestant denominations have issued policy statements in support of the reform of abortion statutes. Neither Jews nor Protestants try to set an exact moment when the fetus has a soul. In Jewish theological writing the fetus is thought to be part of its mother and not a person until it is born. For example, in the religious conversion of a pregnant woman, her unborn child is automatically included in the conversion and requires no further ceremony. The embryo is not believed to be a living thing until the full nine-month gestation period is complete. Thus, because it is not a living thing until it is born, abortion is not considered a crime. Though there is some disagreement about when the soul enters the fetus, for most Jewish theologians this has no bearing on the practical, earthly issue of abortion. They consider the moment of ensoulment as belonging to those secrets of God. The soul's immortality and the moment it enters the fetus is not, for them, relevant to the problem since, they say, abortion does not affect the soul. As David M. Feldman describes it in his book Birth Control in Jewish Law: Before birth the embryo is not a person; from the moment of birth and on, it is; the disposition of the soul, being pure to begin with, is unaffected. The Jewish and Catholic doctrines have once again parted company. The Japanese Shinto religion also holds that the fetus is human only when it is born. Since theological dialogue influences the Church's position at any given time, and since this position can be changed, the moral argument about abortion rages today with greater intensity than ever between those who would change the Church's attitude toward abortion, and those who believe the current attitude is the right one. The crux of the debate is still the question of when the fetus becomes a human being with a legal, moral, ethical and medical right to life which cannot be taken away by anyone including his mother. The viewpoint expressed by Catholic theologians is that since no one can say at what moment the fetus has received a soul, killing it at any point before birth, no matter how soon after conception, is nothing short of murder. Others, including some Catholics, say that abortion should be legal until the baby is able to support itself outside the womb. Write a Term Paper: Custom Service Online If you need help with writing your term paper from scratch, you have an excellent opportunity to try our writing services with a discount. Just write us a note with a discount in a subject line and we will definitely give you at least 10% discount on our term paper writing services! Our term paper help is legal and tailored to your personal needs and expectations!

BSc Accounting Programme -- Management Accounting -- Absorption vs Essay

BSc Accounting Programme -- Management Accounting -- Absorption vs Marginal Costing - Essay Example more value at lower cost.† In absorption costing apart from the direct costs which are allocated to the cost centers and the units produced, indirect costs are apportioned to the cost centers and the units produced on equitable basis. In the marginal costing system, the fixed and variable costs are segregated for ascertaining the effect of changes in volume on profit. The marginal cost will be very useful in taking management decisions. There are advantages as well as disadvantages in both the types of costing techniques. But, it is important to note that a good cost accounting system will be useful in identifying the unprofitable activities in an organization and inefficiencies in the system in any form. Variance analysis made by using cost accounting will be useful in highlighting the deviations from the planned performance for taking suitable management action. Absorption costing or marginal costing is used depending upon the purpose of the management activities. Wherever material, labor and expenses could be identified with the cost centers they are directly allocated to them. Indirect materials, labor and expenses which could not be directly allocated to the cost centers are apportioned to the cost centers on equitable basis. â€Å"Full absorption costing is a costing method that accounts for all costs to the units produced by the activities of an organization through cost drivers.† (Galang-Manalo & Valenzuela-Manalo, 2011, 1.8.4) Materials, labor and expenses which do not form part of the finished products are known as indirect material, labor or expenses as the case may be. These are collectively called as overheads. The overheads are subdivided into production overheads, administration overheads, selling overheads and distribution overheads. Cost apportionment involves apportionment of the indirect costs to various cost centers on an equitable basis. For example, Works Managers salary needs to be apportioned to various departments such as

Operating Systems Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Operating Systems - Research Paper Example There are several and diverse components of an operating system that include but not limited to the file management, security, memory and process management. It is worthwhile to compare each operating system to evaluate and assess the above given components of an operating system. The following paragraphs present the comparison of basic operating systems with respect to the above given features (Solomon, Russinovich & Polze, 2006). The file management system refers to the organization, management and manipulation of computer data in documents and files that is provided by the file manager (different with respect to the operating system) through a graphical user interface. The computer documents and files can be created, edited (existing file), viewed and deleted from the computer memory as well as the files can be arranged in computer directories / folders. The process of file management differs with respect to the operating system as presented in the following paragraphs (Goel, 2010). There are several file managers used by Microsoft Windows only that include but not limited to the Altap Salamander, FAR Manager, File Manager, Windows Explorer etc. The files are placed in the folders and the index contains the file information known as File Allocation Table (FAT). One of the latest file management systems of the Windows is the New Technology File System (NTFS). The NTFS store owner name, it provides POSIX file permissions, creation timestamps, last access timestamp, and last content modification timestamp. The Mac operating system uses the file managers that include: the Disk Order, Finder, Path Finder, and Xfile. The Disk order file manager provides the graphical user interface and shows the files as list view and twin panel view only. The Finder and Path Finder file managers show the icon, list view, panel view,

Optical Computing Essay Example for Free

Optical Computing Essay Jainam Shah Kalol Institute Of Technology, Kalol, Gujarat, India. [emailprotected] Abstract—Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers, for communications, or more intrinsically in devices that have some optical application or component (optical pattern recognition, etc). Optical digital computers are still some years away, however a number of devices that can ultimately lead to real optical computers have already been manufactured, including optical logic gates, optical switches, optical interconnections, and optical memory. The most likely near-term optical computer will really be a hybrid composed of traditional architectural design along with some portions that can perform some functional operations in optical mode. Computing applications as a consequence of faster processing speed, as well as better connectivity and higher bandwidth. II. NEED FOR OPTICAL COMPUTING The pressing need for optical technology stems from the fact that today’s computers are limited by the time response of electronic circuits. A solid transmission medium limits both the speed and volume of signals, as well as building up heat that damages components. One of the theoretical limits on how fast a computer can function is given by Einstein’s principle that signal cannot propagate faster than speed of light. So to make computers faster, their components must be smaller and there by decrease the distance between them. This has resulted in the development of very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, with smaller device dimensions and greater complexity. The smallest dimensions of VLSI nowadays are about 0.08mm. Despite the incredible progress in the development and refinement of the basic technologies over the past decade, there is growing concern that these technologies may not be capable of solving the computing problems of even the current millennium. The speed of computers was achieved by miniaturizing electronic components to a very small micron-size scale, but they are limited not only by the speed of electrons in matter but also by the increasing density of interconnections necessary to link the electronic gates on microchips. The optical computer comes as a solution of miniaturization problem. Optical data processing can perform several operations in parallel much faster and easier than electrons. This parallelism helps in staggering computational power. For example a calculation that takes a conventional electronic computer more than 11 years to complete could be performed by an optical computer in a single hour. Any way we can realize that in an optical computer, electrons are rep laced by photons, the subatomic bits of electromagnetic radiation that make up light. I. INTRODUCTION With the growth of computing technology the need of high performance computers (HPC) has significantly increased. Optics has been used in computing for a number of years but the main emphasis has been and continues to be to link portions of computers, for communications, or more intrinsically in devices that have some optical application or component (optical pattern recognition etc.) Optical computing was a hot research area in 1980’s.But the work tapered off due to materials limitations that prevented opt chips from getting small enough and cheap enough beyond laboratory curiosities. Now, optical computers are back with advances in self-assembled conducting organic polymers that promise super-tiny of all optical chips. Optical computing technology is, in general, developing in two directions. One approach is to build computers that have the same architecture as present day computers but using optics that is Electro optical hybrids. Another approach is to generate a completely new kind of computer, which can perform all functional operations in optical mode. In recent years, a number of devices that can ultimately lead us to real optical computers have already been manufactured. These include optical logic gates, optical switches, optical interconnections and optical memory. Current trends in optical computing emphasize communications, for example the use of free space optical interconnects as a potential solution to remove ‘Bottlenecks’ experienced in electronic architectures. Optical technology is one of the most promising, and may eventually lead to new III. SOME KEY OPTICAL COMPONENTS FOR COMPUTING The major breakthroughs on optical computing have been centered on the development of micro-optic devices for data input. A. VCSEL (Vertical Cavity Surface Emitting Laser) VCSEL (pronounced ‘vixel’) is a semiconductor vertical cavity surface emitting laser diode that emits light in a cylindrical beam vertically from the surface of a fabricated wafer, and offers significant advantages when compared to the edge-emitting lasers currently used in the majority of fiber optic communications devices. The principle involved in the operation of a VCSEL is very similar to those of regular lasers. Fig. 2. Optical Interconnection Of Circuit Boards Using Vcsel And Photodiode VCSEL convert the electrical signal to optical signal when the light beams are passed through a pair of lenses and micromirrors. Micromirrors are used to direct the light beams and this light rays is passed through a polymer waveguide which serves as the path for transmitting data instead of copper wires in electronic computers. Then these optical beams are again passed through a pair of lenses and sent to a photodiode. This photodiode convert the optical signal back to the electrical signal. B. SLM (Spatial Light Modulators) SLM play an important role in several technical areas where the control of light on a pixel-by-pixel basis is a key element, such as optical processing and displays. 1) SLM For Display Purposes Fig. 1. Two semiconductor materials sandwiching an active layer There are two special semiconductor materials sandwiching an active layer where all the action takes place. But rather than reflective ends, in a VCSEL there are several layers of partially reflective mirrors above and below the active layer. Layers of semiconductors with differing compositions create these mirrors, and each mirror reflects a narrow range of wavelengths back in to the cavity in order to cause light emission at just one wavelength. For display purposes the desire is to have as many pixels as possible in as small and cheap a device as possible. For such purposes designing silicon chips for use as spatial light modulators has been effective. The basic idea is to have a set of memory cells laid out on a regular grid. These cells are electrically connected to metal mirrors, such that the voltage on the mirror depends on the value stored in the memory cell. A layer of optically active liquid crystal is sandwiched between this array of mirrors and a piece of glass with a conductive coating. The voltage between individual mirrors and the front electrode affects the optical activity of liquid crystal in that neighborhood. Hence by being able to individually program the memory locations one can set up a pattern of optical activity in the liquid crystal layer. C. Smart Pixel Technology Smart pixel technology is a relatively new approach to integrating electronic circuitry and optoelectronic devices in a common framework. The purpose is to leverage the advantages of each individual technology and provide improved performance for specific applications. Here, the electronic circuitry provides complex functionality and programmability while the optoelectronic devices provide high-speed switching and compatibility with existing optical media. Arrays of these smart pixels leverage the parallelism of optics for interconnections as well as computation. A smart pixel device, a light emitting diode under the control of a field effect transistor can now be made entirely out of organic materials on the same substrate for the first time. In general, the benefit of organic over conventional semiconductor electronics is that they should lead to cheaper, lighter, circuitry that can be printed rather than etched. D. WDM (Wavelength Division Multiplexing) Wavelength division multipl exing is a method of sending many different wavelengths down the same optical fiber. Using this technology, modern networks in which individual lasers can transmit at 10 gigabits per second through the same fiber at the same time. which interact with light and modulate its properties. Several of the optical components require efficient-nonlinear materials for their operations. What in fact restrains the widespread use of all optical devices is the in efficiency of currently available nonlinear materials, which require large amount of energy for responding or switching. Organic materials have many features that make them desirable for use in optical devices such as 1) High nonlinearities 2) Flexibility of molecular design 3) Damage resistance to optical radiations Some organic materials belonging to the classes of phthalocyanines and polydiacetylenes are promising for optical thin films and wave guides. These compounds exhibit strong electronic transitions in the visible region and have high chemical and thermal stability up to 400 degree Celsius. Polydiacetylenes are among the most widely investigated class of polymers for nonlinear optical applications. Their subpicosecond time response to laser signals makes them candidates for high-speed optoelectronics and information processing. To make thin polymer film for electro-optic applications, NASA scientists dissolve a monomer (the building block of a polymer) in an organic solvent. This solution is then put into a growth cell with a quartz window, shining a laser through the quartz can cause the polymer to deposit in specific pattern. V. ADVANCES IN PHOTONIC SWITCHES Logic gates are the building blocks of any digital system. An optical logic gate is a switch that controls one light beam by another; it is ON when the device transmits light and it is OFF when it blocks the light. Fig. 3. a. Wave length division multiplexing b. A WDM System WDM can transmit up to 32 wavelengths through a single fiber, but cannot meet the bandwidth requirements of the present day communication systems. So nowadays DWDM (Dense wavelength division multiplexing) is used. This can transmit up to 1000 wavelengths through a single fiber. That is by using this we can improve the bandwidth efficiency. IV. ROLE OF NLO IN OPTICAL COMPUTING The role of nonlinear materials in optical computing has become extremely significant. Non-linear materials are those, Fig. 4. Optical AND-logic gate To demonstrate the AND gate in the phthalocyanine film, two focused collinear laser beams are wave guided through a thin film of phthalocyanine. Nanosecond green pulsed Nd:YAG laser was used together with a red continuous wave (cw) He-Ne beam. At the output a narrow band filter was set to block the green beam and allow only the He-Ne beam. Then the transmitted beam was detected on an oscilloscope. It was found that the transmitted He-Ne cw beam was pulsating with a nanosecond duration and in synchronous with the input Nd:YAG nanosecond pulse. This demonstrated the characteristic table of an AND logic gate. A. Optical and Gate In an optical NAND gate the phthalocyanine film is replaced by a hollow fiber filled with polydiacetylene. Nd:YAG green picoseconds laser pulse was sent collinearly with red cw He-Ne laser onto one end of the fiber. At the other end of the fiber a lens was focusing the output on to the narrow slit of a monochromatic with its grating set for the red He-Ne laser. When both He-Ne laser and Nd:YAG laser are present there will be no output at the oscilloscope. If either one or none of the laser beams are present we get the output at the oscilloscope showing NAND function. faster read-out rates. This research is expected to lead to compact, high capacity, rapid-and random-access, and low power and low cost data storage devices necessary for future intelligent spacecraft. The SLMs are used in optical data storage applications. These devices are used to write data into the optical storage medium at high speed. Fig. 6. Optical Disk More conventional approaches to holographic storage use ion doped lithium niobate crystals to store pages of data. For audio recordings ,a 150MBminidisk with a 2.5- in diameter has been developed that uses special compression to shrink a standard CD’s640-MB storage capacity onto the smaller polymer substrate. It is rewritable and uses magnetic field modulation on optical material. The mini disc uses one of the two methods to write information on to an optical disk. With the mini disk a magnetic field placed behind the optical disk is modulated while the intensity of the writing laser is held constant. By switching the polarity of the magnetic field while the laser creates a state of flux in the optical material digital data can be recorded on a single layer. As with all optical storage media a read laser retrieves the data. A. Working The 780nm light emitted from AlGaAs/GaAs laser diodes is collimated by a lens and focused to a diameter of about 1micrometer on the disk. If the re is no pit where the light is incident, it is reflected at the Al mirror of the disk and returns to the lens, the depth of the pit is set at a value such that the difference between the path of the light reflected at a pit and the Fig. 5. Optical NAND-logic gate VI. OPTICAL MEMORY In optical computing two types of memory are discussed. One consists of arrays of one-bit-store elements and other is mass storage, which is implemented by optical disks or by holographic storage systems. This type of memory promises very high capacity and storage density. The primary benefits offered by holographic optical data storage over current storage technologies include significantly higher storage capacities and path of light reflected at a mirror is an integral multiple of halfwavelength consequently, if there is a pit where light is incident, the amount of reflected light decreases tremendously because the reflected lights are almost cancelled by interference. The incident and reflected beams pass through the quarter wave plate and all reflected light is introduced to the photodiode by the beam splitter because of the polarization rotation due to the quarter wave plate. By the photodiode the reflected light, which as a signal whether, a pit is on the disk or not is changed into an electrical signal. VII. APPLICATIONS 1) High speed communications: The rapid growth of internet, expanding at almost 15% per month, demands faster speeds and larger bandwidth than electronic circuits can provide. Terabits speeds are needed to accommodate the growth rate of internet since in optical computers data is transmitted at the speed of light which is of the order of 3.10*8 m/sec hence terabit speeds are attainable. 2) Optical crossbar interconnects are used in asynchronous transfer modes and Shared memory multiprocessor systems. 3) Process satellite data. VIII. MERITS 1) Optical computing is at least 1000 to 100000 times faster than today’s silicon machines. 2) Optical storage will provide an extremely optimized way to store data, with space requirements far lesser than today’s silicon chips. 3) Super fast searches through databases. 4) No short circuits, light beam can cross each other without interfering with each other’s data 5) Light beams can travel in parallel and no limit to number of packets that can travel in the photonic circuits. 6) Optical computer removes the bottleneck in the present day Communication system IX. DRAWBACKS 1) Today’s materials require much high power to work in consumer products, coming up with the right materials may take five years or more. 2) Optical computing using a coherent source is simple to compute and understand, but it has many drawbacks like any imperfections or dust on the optical components will create unwanted interference pattern due to scattering effects. Incoherent processing on the other hand cannot store phase information. X. SOME CURRENT RESEARCH High performance computing has gained momentum in recent years, with efforts to optimize all the resources of electronic computing and researcher brain power in order to increase computing throughput. Optical computing is a topic of current support in many places, with private companies as well as governments in several countries encouraging such research work. A group of researchers from the University of Southern California, jointly with a team from the University of California, los angles, have developed an organic polymer with a switching frequency of 60 GHz. This is three times faster than the current industry standard, lithium niobate crystal based device. Another group at brown university and the IBM, Alma den research center has used ultrafast laser pulses to build ultra fast data storage devices. This group was able to achieve ultra fast switching down to 100 picoseconds. In Japan , NEC has developed a method for interconnecting circuit boards optically using VCSEL arrays .Another researchers at NTT have designed an optical backplane with free-space optical interconnects using tunable beam deflectors and mirrors. The project achieved 1000 interconnections per printed circuit board; with a throughput ranging from 1 to 10 Tb/s. XI. FUTURE TRENDS The Ministry of Information Technology has initiated a photonic development program. Under this program some funded projects are continuing in fiber optic high-speed network systems. Research is going on for developing Fig.7. Use of optical devices in future New laser diodes, photo detectors, and nonlinear material studies for faster switches. Research efforts on an particle thin film or layer studies for display devices are also in progress. At the Indian Institute of Technology (IIT), Mumbai, efforts are in progress to generate a white light source from a diode case based fiber amplifier system in order to provide WDM communication channels. XII. CONCLUSION Research in optical computing has opened up new possibilities in several fields related to high performance computing, high-speed communications. To design algorithms that execute applications faster, the specific properties of optics must be considered, such as their ability to exploit massive parallelism, and global interconnections. As optoelectronic and smart pixel devices mature, software development will have a major impact in the future and the ground rules for the computing may have to be rewritten. XIII. REFERENCES [1] [2] See for example: Chemical and Engineering ews, Photonic Crystals. Assembled on Chip, 79(47), 31 (2001). P. Boffi, D. Piccinin, M.C. Ubaldi, (Eds.), Infrared Holography for Optical Communications— echniques,MaterialsandDevices,SpringerTopics in Applied Physics: Vol 86, July 2002. Alain Goulet, Makoto Naruse, and Masatoshi Ishikawa, Simple integration technique to realize parallel optical interconnects: implementation of a pluggable two-dimensional optical data link, Applied Optics 41, 5538 (2002) Tushar Mahapatra, Sanjay Mishra, Oracle Parallel Processing, OReilly Associates, Inc., Sebastopol, California, USA, 2000. S. J. van Enk, J. McKeever, H. J. Kimble, and J. Ye, Cooling of a single atom in an optical trap inside a resonator, Phys. Rev. A 64, 013407 (2001). A. Dodabalapur, Z. Bao, A. Makhija, J. G. Laquindanum, V. R. Raju, Y. Feng, H. E. Katz, and J. Rogers, Organic smart pixels, Appl. Phys. Lett. 73, 142 (1998). Henning Sirringhaus, Nir Tessler, and Richard H. Fr iend, Integrated Optoelectronic Devices Based on Conjugated Polymers, Science 280, 1741 (1988).

Scenario Planning Essay -- Business, Strategic Organizational Plannin

Nowadays business leaders need to understand environment which is going to be more complex. Organisations are open system so that organisations need to adapt environment which they operate in. Matridakis, Hogarth and Gaba (2010) argued that traditional tools did not fit well to new complex environment. Although complex environment and level of uncertainty cannot be explained by forecasting, most of the traditional method including strategic planning and organizational development method are tried to use past trends and forecast future. Therefore, scenario planning gets more recognition from the manager whose company operates in such kind of volatile, uncertain environment. Kahane (1992) (Cited in Charmack et al 2001) scenario planning is an effective method for understand critical future uncertainties and investigating drawbacks of the organisations. There are so many aspect and definition of scenario planning. â€Å"Scenarioâ€Å" means an outline or synopsis of a play. The word scenario is derived from the Italian word scena, scene, that comes from the Latin scaena. According to Schwartz (1998:6) scenarios present alternative of future. Kahn and wiener (1967) defined â€Å" Scenarios are narrative description of future†(Cited in AC/UNU Millennium Project) Porter (1985) defined scenarios â€Å"an internally consistent view of what the future might turn to be – not forecast but one possible future outcome† There is big argument on the scenarios, whether it is static or dynamic. Becker (1983) defined that scenarios are people imaging for future like photo. Although Wack (1985), Schoemaker (1991), van der heijden (1996) supported dynamic view of scenarios and they stated that Scenarios are the process of evolution that was linked to strategic devel... ... In conclusion, scenarios are related to future, according to some of the authors scenarios have a static vision, but for the others scenarios include dynamic aspects. Scenario planning is process of positioning plausible scenarios. Some of the author in this field using different name for scenario planning such as scenario thinking, scenario based planning. It includes two sides, first scenario development and then strategy development. O’brien (2003) stated that scenario planning is a soft problem structuring method and qualitative approach. Schoemaker (1997) stated that scenario planning allows more subjective element and macro environment variable than computer simulation programs. Also these methods include system dynamics and risk analysis. It is easy to conclude that scenario planning is a managerial tool of strategic thinking (Bood and Postma 1998).

Lgbt Organizations

LGBT Supportive Organizations The first website I visited was called No Longer Silent: Clergy for Justice. Their main focus was on an alternative Christian perspective on the issue of homosexuality. They basically believed in advocating justice for all, especially Gays, Lesbians, Bisexuals, and Transgendered persons. The support that I see they give is a sense of belonging. They give the support that many seek with is religious acceptance. This organization is very unique because for many years the church has never really given gays a home; No Longer Silent gives us that place to go to for moral support.Their website gave educational materials like articles on news pertaining to our community. Also materials like scriptures from that give the LGBT community, who are not familiar with the bible; some interpretations and teachings. The next website that I visited was called Gay, Lesbian, and Straight Education Network. Their focus was on assuring that each member of every school commun ity is valued and respected regardless of sexual orientation or gender identity/expression. They give support by giving students internet resources on bullying. They also support our LGBT community by starting their campaign â€Å"Think before you speak†.It helps us inform the world that words do hurt and helps in the prevention of anti-gay language. Their website gives educational materials like Facts about Sexual Orientation. They even give resources like crisis support and advocacy. Then I visited the website for Equality Arizona. Their focus is to secure, protect and defend the rights and welfare of LGBT people in Arizona. The support they give is huge throughout the state of Arizona. They are the ones that fight for our rights. They support us in legal stand points like marriage and adoption.As for educational materials, they give many blogs on how our issues are coming along. For example: They explain how our local LGBT leaders respond to President Obama’s Declar ation of Support for Marriage Equality. Next website visited was PFLAG Phoenix. Their focus is on celebrating diversity and envisions a society that embraces everyone, including those of diverse sexual orientations and gender identities. Their support is very important to our community. Their support is being our family with open arms. It gives parents and families a place where they can show their support for us.They have a lot of educational material for not only our LGBT community but for our families too. It gives terminology, some theories, and most of all many answers to questions. The last website I visited was 1n10. Their focus is on providing our youth with the tools to improve their self-esteem and help with acceptance of who they are. Their support is how they create a safe space, mentally and physically, for youth ranging for 14-24. Their support also includes helping teens by providing homeless shelters and suicide prevention crisis lines. Educational materials were sca rce.I really didn’t find anything other than a lot of resources for different problems our LGBT youth may encounter. To say the truth, I never knew any of these organizations existed. The one that melted my heart the most would be the PFLAG website. Reason being is all LGBT people look for family acceptance. All the pictures of the protesters made me smile. The 1n10 website also struck me because to me the youth is our future. If they are not educated or helped with open arms, society just might take steps back instead of forward. Our adolescent years are crucial especially being LGBT.The Equality Arizona website gives me hope that one day they will push far enough to make Marriage and Adoption legal for us. I think that step would push us through the red tape at the finish line. No Longer Silent is another milestone. I learned that they gives us a place of religion that doesn’t outcast us or tell us we should change because if we don’t we’ll go to hell. That’s important to me because during my coming out I lost faith in religion. The GLSEN website shows me that one day LGBT could one day cease forever. All of these websites posed as a great learning experience.

Civil Rights And Freedom Of Speech - 1569 Words

Civil rights and liberties are protections granted to United States citizens through the Constitution. The key difference between the two is that civil rights are rights that need protection by the government. Examples of civil rights include laws ensuring people s’ physical integrity and safety, laws to make sure that people are not forced into labor, and laws providing equal access to health care, education, culture, etc. among others. These are important because they ensure that every citizen receives equal treatment, regardless of who they are. Civil liberties on the other hand, are rights that need protection from the government. Examples of civil liberties include freedom of speech, press, and assembly, the right to vote, and the right to equality in public places, along with others. They are important because they guard the rights and freedom of citizens of the United States. Without them, we would not be able to have certain rights such as freedom of speech, freedom of press, fair trials, or other essential liberties that make us uniquely American. A current issue that deals with our civil rights and liberties is the topic of gay rights, specifically gay marriage. This is a controversial issue that has become prominent in recent years due to members of the LGBT community taking a stand and making sure their voices are being heard. Gay rights are an important topic because in some states, it is illegal to marry a person of the same sex, which some may argue isShow MoreRelatedViolation Of Civil Rights And Freedom Of Speech1263 Words   |  6 PagesCarol Jones EDLD 7531 Georgia Southern University Citation: Mt. Healthy City School District Board of Education et al v. 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