Lack Of Funding For Education - 819 Words

Although user fees still exist at the secondary level, most African schools have require no fees for the primary level. Despite the difficulty for many to pay, charging user fees may overall increase the quality of schooling. User fees may be an important source of funding for individual schools. If school fees are eliminated but government budget allocations to schools are not increased, schools might not be able to make up for the reduced funding. Reduced funding can lead to a reduction in education quality. Africa’s debt from loan interest is crippling the continent’s economies, because government revenues go toward paying off those debts (Heidhues and Obare, 2011). This takes funds away from education initiatives and medical resources, which improve the lives of citizens. In 1970, Africa’s total debt was just under $11 billion; however, financial reports from 2001 indicate that the total debt has increased to $295 billion (UNESCO, 2001). The lack of available government revenues has led to spending cuts in health education programs, some programs have been eliminated altogether. Since 1980s as many as 5 million children and adults have lost their lives in sub-Saharan Africa as a result of the debt crunch. The debt crunch became so severe in the late 1990s, that Oxfam issued a warning: The case for developing the education-debt linkage in only reinforced by the state of education in the world’s poorest, highly indebt countries†¦In sub-Saharan Africa, where schoolShow MoreRelatedLack of Education Funding Essay1374 Words   |  6 Pages Within the federal government’s budget education is among the most important yet in the year of 2012 the federal government only spent $107.6 billion out of 3.7 trillion which amounts to 3% on education. Compared to other funding categories in the government’s fiscal year of 2012s budget its clear to see that education isn’t as important to the government officials as they would like us to believe. Many Americans today are lead to believe that education is important to government officials andRead MoreWhy The Government Support Women When There Is A Lack Of Funding For The Education System?1808 Words   |  8 Pageswomen when there is a lack of funding in the education system? Not much money is going directly to the students or teachers. â€Å"Based on direct observation in schools, classrooms and of teachers in different countries of the region, the study concluded that Latin American students lose an average of one day of classes weekly due to teachersâ€℠¢ inefficient use of time† (The World Bank). Teachers have to go about their ways to make the class and lecture engaging with the little funding they are given. InRead MoreThe American Education System1303 Words   |  6 PagesThe American education system is set up to create a clear division between the social classes. The quality of the education that children receive depends on whether they attend an elite school or urban schools. Elite schools are located in upper class neighborhoods. Students who attend elite schools receive high quality education. Demographically, the majority of students who attend elite schools are Caucasian. This does not necessarily have much to do with the skill level of the students who applyRead MoreExecutive Summary : Funding For Education1543 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary: Funding for Education Introduction In 1836 Texans listed the failure of the Mexican government to provide education as one of their grievances in the Texas Declaration of Independence from Mexico (Texas Education Agency). Since the founding of Texas, education has been an extremely important part of the state government. According to Texas Politics Today, Article 7, Section 1 of the Texas Constitution states that a â€Å"general diffusion of knowledge being essential to the preservationRead MoreFunding For The Government Needs Money For Anything1184 Words   |  5 PagesErik Axlid Rosa DiMaio ENG 101 September 11, 2015 Funding in American Schools If the government needs money for anything, there are lots of alternatives for where this money can come from. Each option has it’s own sacrifices that have to be made when reducing funding. Schools, however, do not need any money and they will operate just as effectively no matter how little money they have and are therefore the best place to take money from, right? Wrong. In fact, this statement couldn’t be farther fromRead MoreFunding For Special Education Program1544 Words   |  7 Pages Funding for special education students is, and historically, has always been, a complicated issue. Most people believe the federal government funds special education in the United States. â€Å"Understanding Special Education Funding† (2009), states that, on average, most states estimate that the federal government provides less than 15% of the money needed to fund special education services. This, in turn, leaves local school systems responsible for funding the remaining portion of specialRead MoreProblems Within Education Today s Education Essay1728 Words   |  7 PagesProblems Within Education Today For my extra credit assignment I would like to research, and write about the problems in education today. According to chapter eight in the book, worldwide one in five adults can not read or write, two thirds of them being women. The problems we are facing in education can be linked to other social problems such as poverty or unemployment, seeing that those who graduate college make up twenty percent of the unemployment rate, compared to the forty percent of the unemploymentRead MoreThe Funding On First Nations Reserves1616 Words   |  7 PagesThe funding on First Nations reserves has not kept up with the needs of a growing population. Teachers salaries and school supplies has been a consequence of the funding shortfall on First Nations reserves. Annual expenditure increases is subject to a two percent cap for First Nations schools (Assembly of First Nations, 2012, para. 11). If teacher’s salaries are being impacted on reserve, many teachers may need to resort to working at a provincial school system where they get paid more. It is importantRead MoreThe Cost Of Higher Education1100 Words   |  5 PagesOver the past four decades, the costs of higher education has risen at a rate that surpasses the rate on inflation. Students, parents, and policymakers are concern about the rapid increase. The literature supports that there are multiple trends such as a decline in federal and state support as well as outdated policies and practices that have contributed to continued rise. Thelin (2015) analyzed Edwin Slosson’s 1910 anthology on Great American Universities, which provided data on fourteen prominentRead MoreEssay On School Budget1356 Words   |  6 Pagesquoted from Benjamin Franklin, â€Å"Investment in knowledge pays the best interest.† The government of the state of Illinois has been unable to pass a budget, leaving many school districts in a financial crisis. These school districts depend on state funding to provide their students with educational opportunities, many of which are now in jeopardy. I attended the Bond County Community Unit #2 school board meeting on June 26, 2017 in Greenville, Illinois. At this meeting, the Bond County Community

Hiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus Essay - 1208 Words

HIV has been a pandemic that has affected the world relentlessly for many years in a never-ending circle. HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, is the virus that is spread through certain bodily fluids and can lead to AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). HIV attacks the immune system by destroying CD4+ T cells, which leaves the person infected with HIV vulnerable to other infections, diseases, and other complications.1 Once this virus is acquired, the human can never fully rid itself of this pathogen. If left untreated, HIV reduces the number of CD4+ cells in the body whom sole duty is to protect the body from infections. 2 Many scientists have postulated on where the virus was first introduced. It has been assumed that the virus was first encountered humans whom were hunting and eating chimpanzees in Central Africa and the virus has spread like wildfire since then. Data over the years have shown that the virus has existed within the United States since at least the mid to late 1970s. 3 No effective cure for HIV currently exist although many vaccine studies are underway around the world, but with the proper treatment and medical care provided by the medical team, HIV can be controlled and have low transmission rates. The medicine we use to treat HIV is referred to as antiretroviral therapy or ART. When a person infected HIV adheres to the medication correctly, it will allow for them to live longer and have healthier lives. 2 Acquired Immunodeficiency syndrome, orShow MoreRelatedHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1359 Words   |  6 PagesThis paper explores the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as well as the simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV). The virus has infected two million adults and children by the year 2005 already. The virus continues to race around the world, and new HIV infections are at 50,000 per year (Martine Peeters, Matthieu Jung, Ahidjo Ayouba) (2013). The final outcome of the HIV infection is Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS). There are many treatments that have developed to help the large numberRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )884 Words   |  4 Pages(2010), Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a virus that affects the human immune system, leading to a chronic, progressive sickness that leaves people susceptible to opportunistic infections. When the body no longer can fight or resist infections, the condition is at this point referred to as AIDS, which m eans Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome. Averagely, it has been found to take more than ten years to develop from initial infection of HIV to AIDS. Though simple in description, HIV and AIDSRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )862 Words   |  4 Pagesshown that the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the cause of AIDS. More than 33.4 million people worldwide are infected with the HIV virus today. HIV stands for Human Immunodeficiency virus. HIV is a virus similar to that of the flu or common cold. The differentiating factor is that with the flu and cold, your body will eventually clear the virus out of your system, but with the HIV virus, the immune system cannot clear it. Getting HIV means you have it for life. The virus immediately beginsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1261 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) has become more commonly seen in the world. It is important to show compassion rather than judging that patient based on a virus. The hygienist plays an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without a compromisingRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )948 Words   |  4 PagesThe Uses of Blood by the HIV Virus Blood-borne diseases have contributed greatly to poor health outcomes among individuals and communities. Though blood fulfills various functions to ensure our survival, it can also act as the mechanism through which we become diseased. Understanding the characteristics of such infectious diseases is essential to preventing further cases. In this paper I will discuss how the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) uses blood to cause illness within the infected individualRead MoreHiv And Human Immunodeficiency Virus1205 Words   |  5 PagesWhat is HIV? HIV is a fatal disease which stands for â€Å"Human Immunodeficiency Virus† it is a failure to the immune system to protect the body from any infections. This virus causes a condition called acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. When HIV is left untreated it leads to another disease called â€Å"AIDS†. It can occur in any age, race, sex or sexual orientation. The highest risk of contracting HIV is having unprotected sex and sha ring needles with others. Another factor are people that have STI’s andRead MoreThe Human Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )980 Words   |  4 Pages The Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is an immune system disorder that can be contracted through sexual activity as well as other types of contact. (Healthy Living, pg. 79) If left untreated this virus can turn into AIDS (Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome). AIDS is the final stage of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). (aids.gov) AIDS is an incurable progressive disease that causes gradual destruction of CD4 T cells by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). (Diseases, pg. 431) A healthyRead MoreHiv, Or Human Immunodeficiency Virus998 Words   |  4 PagesQuestion 1 HIV, or Human Immunodeficiency Virus, attacks the human immune system and greatly weakens the body’s ability to fight foreign invaders and infection. HIV first demanded notice in the early 1980s in the United States in homosexual men displaying illnesses like Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia and Kaposi’s sarcoma. The disease was soon observed in IV drug users, hemophiliacs, and blood transfusion recipients, but became publicized as a â€Å"gay disease,† nicknamed by the media as GRID, or Gay-RelatedRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1349 Words   |  6 Pages Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is a retro virus that causes AIDs by infecting the T Helper cells of the body’s immune system. The AIDS virus is the final stages of the HIV virus. HIV is a lentivirus genus, which is a subgroup of the retrovirus that causes the AIDS virus. Even with proper treatment, an infected person has a life expectancy of less than ten years.As the virus weakens t he human immune systems, this effectleaves the patient compromised and at risk to opportunistic infectionsRead MoreHuman Immunodeficiency Virus ( Hiv )1499 Words   |  6 PagesHuman Immunodeficiency Virus Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a deadly retrovirus that can progress into AIDS. The progression of HIV has become rapid worldwide over the last few decades. The patient should not feel as if the disease or virus defines the overall character of the patient. The dental hygienist will play an important role in making the patient feel comfortable and in a judgment free environment. Standards precautions are still the same when treating all patients with or without

Social Issues Essay Example For Students

Social Issues Essay : Cults have been characterized as domineering and persuasive. Cults are willing to prey on any social class and gender in order to attain another member. The increasing popularity of joining cults is reflected on economic status, social class, and emotional state (Singer p.16, 1995). -=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=-=- * Copyright DueNow. com Inc. * Category: Social Issues Essay Paper Title: Social framework in cult behaviour Text: Page 1 Cults have been characterized as domineering and persuasive. Cults are willing to prey on any social class and gender in order to attain another member. The increasing popularity of joining cults is reflected on economic status, social class, and emotional state (Singer p.16, 1995). A conflict perspective suggests that poor economic stability, social class, and no authority attest to the fact that more people are joining cults, and that increasing each might lessen the chance of joining a cult. . its LingeringWords: 707Rap and CensorshipWords: 2128RapeWords: 1266Rave Culture: The Number One Example of Social DevianceWords: 7114Reasons Teen Disrespect is on the RiseWords: 676Regulation of the InternetWords: 419Reverse DiscriminationWords: 1712Road Rage: The Scourge Of AmericaS RoadwaysWords: 1943School UniformsWords: 614School ViewsWords: 664School Violence, Is There a Problem?Words: 730Self-defense in criminal cases.Words: 2630Sexual AbstinenceWords: 2171Sexual Preference and the MilitaryWords: 886Shoplifting effects the communityWords: 580Should a moment of silence be legal in public schools?Words: 478Should Australia Become a Republic?Words: 573Should Australia introduce any tax or GST changes?Words: 2311Should Children be in Competive Sports at a young age?Words: 515Should Elian Gonzalez go back to Cuba or stay in the United States?Words: 675Should Marijuana be Legalized? Arguments For and AgainstWords: 785Should Members of Congress Earn More Money or Less?Words: 692Shou ld School Be Compulsory?Words: 440Should There Be Aboriginal Self-Government in Canada/United States of America?Words: 981Should There be Compulsary College ClassesWords: 718Should Workers Be Allowed to Strike? Argumentative EssayWords: 540Slavery / FreedomWords: 1101Social PromotionWords: 1110Social StructureWords: 2557Societys Restraint to Social ReformWords: 1819Speeding: Cause and EffectWords: 471Sport At School Should Not Be CompulsoryWords: 487Student UniformsWords: 453Subliminal AdvertisingWords: 638Suicide: My ThoughtsWords: 397Taking ResponsibilityWords: 806TechnologyWords: 377Teen Suicide (sociological)Words: 726Teenage HomosexualityWords: 1,868TerrorismWords: 756The American DietWords: 2704The Apathy of Generation XWords: 1435The case for Work for the doleWords: 861The Censorship of ArtWords: 2761The Classification of CulturesWords: 1633The Clinton Sex ScandalWords: 5067The Clinton-Lewinsky ScandalWords: 634The Consequences of GunsWords: 2607The Cost of Computer Literacy Words: 1170The Cultural NarcissistWords: 6319The Death Penalty: In the name of Justice?Words: 904The Difference Between Sex .

Participative Leadership

Question: If you were in the position of the leader, what could you do to be a better leader and make a stronger impact on the followers and on situation? Answer: Introduction The following report is on the transformational leadership of Steve Jobs that brought a revolution at Apple. He had a charming, inspirational, motivating leadership along with an Autocratic style of leadership that inspired his staff. These areas firmly guarantee that Steve Jobs leadership hints at transformational initiative. Steve Jobs of Apple adored getting success in acquainting individuals with the PC that would guarantee our opportunity. Along with Steve Wozniak, the fellow benefactor with Jobs of Apple concisely stated that Steve could couch things in right words. Steve Jobs was portrayed as complete self of Apple. Steve Hawkins an employee said Jobs was a perfectionist and it was very difficult to impress him, he was extremely aspiring, practically to a particular point of megalomania (McKnightaney 2012). Transformational authority is about empowering advancement, bringing around a change in reasoning of its devotees and being visionary for actualizing change in the associat ion execution. Steve Jobs to be a transformational leader is seen in the endeavours to bring imaginative advanced engineering to mass buyer with the goal that they could open their wallet. Confirmation of Steve Jobs had a vision in making development open was 'Macintosh is focused on bringing the best individualized computing knowledge to understudies, teachers, imaginative experts and purchasers far and wide through its creative fittings, programming and the Internet offerings (Myweb 2012).' Evaluation of Steve Jobs leadership capabilities Transactional Leader Contingent reward is really a common way that the greater parts of the leaders use it to propel groups, make positive rivalry and enhance viability. Steve Jobs had great capacity to recognize ability and dynamic workers and apportion them to the privilege put inside the organization (Myweb 2012). Every year, Jobs had taken his "main 100" individuals on the retreat. It was not just a reward as a get-away, additionally an acknowledgement of STEVE JOBS! As I would like to think, acknowledgements from fruitful virtuoso would be best compensate. Value-based leaders take activities focused around the special cases (execution) of the representatives. Steve Jobs ordered his supporters as either "masters" or "bozos", and rapidly terminating the individuals that fall in the last camp. An alternate normal for value-based administration would be the yearning for control that is average Steve Jobs' attitude. His most loved presentation instruments were the whiteboard and the Magic Marker, that pr ovides for him completely control in the meeting. After his reinvention of Apple, Jobs had a few weeks of product audit sessions. At long last he used up persistence and yelled the group to stop, got the Magic Marker to a white board. Autocratic leaders Steve Jobs had an autocratic style of leadership and an autocratic authority in the work spot allowed speedy choices, encouraged fast usage of arrangements, pioneers are profoundly fulfilled. It was likewise very powerful when the subordinates happen to be less learned and experienced, and if there should arise an occurrence of compelling emergencies, this style would be the main arrangement. However a few studies propose that associations with bunches of autocratic leaders have high turnover and non-attendance than different associations. With today's stress on joint choice making and strengthening, workers simply entering the workforce will be very impervious to this administration style. So the autocratic leadership style of Jobs ought to be not be utilized when one needs to get the representatives occupied with the choice making methodology. Autocratic pioneers are additionally not exceptionally viable in circumstances where your workers may get to be angry or fearful. During that time Steve had been named the Entrepreneur of the Decade in the year 1989 by Inc. magazine. He was likewise set 39th on the Advertising Age 'Beat 100 Advertising People' list. Steve Jobs had the tendency to be exceptionally legitimate, his choices were made with negligible discussion, and his choices were made speedier permitting him to react to bring changes in current business environment all the more rapidly. The Environmental changes that incorporates confronting their rivals, for example, Microsoft. His vision was focused on creating futuristic products that would help his employees to grow. Then again, due to his "manipulative" conduct he was considered by many of his representatives as definitive. His conduct and Autocratic style during group meetings for example is depicted as being impolite, and unpleasant. Due to his mission for flawlessness he has overbearing vicinity which makes a percentage of the representatives dread him. Digital hub strategy After Steve Jobs coming back to Apple in the year 1997 as a "interim" CEO, he effectively brought Apple again to productivity with an astounding shopper desktop machine - iMac. By confronting negative forecasts about declaring PCS would vanish inside a few years, Steve Jobs persistently drove Apple to continue culminating "i" items with the significance of "web, individual, train, illuminate and rouse" at Apple. In the year 2001, Steve Jobs uncovered Digital Hub Strategy to the staff and in the following 10 years he continued dispatching new plans of new items which greatly changed and drove the exchange of the entire world and created goals for his staff. There was a fascinating occasion that Steve Jobs had called himself to be the "iCEO" of Apple rather than "interim" CEO amusingly which entertained people in general all that much. It was additionally a shrewd approach to advancing "i" items while teasing the leading group of Apple for rehiring him with interim official position. This immense effective change that took around 10 years for being fulfilled trailed by Steve Jobs' authority part by part. It had been a long stretch on-going methodology of actualizing Jobs' insight into Apple Company. Strategic leadership style Strategic leadership style of Steve Jobs was considered in the business as the set of managerial choices and activities that decides the long-run execution of an association. It incorporates: A dream proclamation An ecological checking of outside elements that will influence the operationalization of a vision later A vital arrangement and strategies focused around the aftereffects of the outer filtering in correlation with the qualities and shortcomings of the association; Tactical and operational arrangements which are obliged to execute the vital arrangement An observing framework which will give opportune, substantial, and dependable data by which to fit the exercises inside the associate Strategic leadership was the methodology utilized by Steve as a leader to influence the accomplishment of an alluring conclusions and obviously comprehended vision by affecting the hierarchical society, distributing assets wherever is obliged, guiding through strategy and mandate, and building accord inside an unpredictable, dubious, complex, and uncertain worldwide environment which is checked by circumstances and dangers of the earth. Charismatic leadership: Steve was known to be a Charismatic leader pull in and impact the adherent by his appeal and identity. Some of presumptions are connected with charming administration that is as per the following: He had an appeal that identified him effortlessness as a part of his identities that impacts supporters. He had certainty and had conviction on himself. Charming pioneer makes their gathering of individuals and make them noticeable and not the same as other gathering of individuals and they tend to stick to these gatherings and get to be pioneers of that gathering (The gin system 2013). Change Management The improvement of an association relies on upon Change Management, particular set of behavioural science-based hypotheses, qualities and techniques. It is not a simple employment. Steve as a leader neglected to roll out working and basic improvements to drive the association. Other organizations similar to Apple picked up dominance in this particular matter. Not just Apple Inc. thinks of new and imaginative engineering additionally the execution of the budgetary figures of them inconceivably acknowledged everywhere throughout the world. Jobs had numerous motivations to be fruitful in change administration and out of those comprehension and foresight of clients prerequisite most (Joe 2010). Change Management helped Jobs to take starting with one level then onto the next level by treating Employees as Focus Group. Steve doesn't depend on centre gatherings; rather he is a consistent adherent that clients themselves don't have the foggiest idea about their prerequisite. Without asking them he has a solid comprehension capacity and can envision his clients' call. So he can treat them as centre gathering his own workers and without any client mediation settles on the choice. By giving such immense imperativeness to the representatives, the workers themselves feel a piece of the change. Along these lines he picks up the worker reliability effortlessly. The items like iPhone, iPod, and the iTunes are incredible cases that demonstrate his ability in understanding the client needs (Stempledrang 2014). Each individual thinks own direction distinctively and got own diverse experiences and decisiveness in life. Along these lines, thusly, its unrealistic to get 100% backing from all the workers. Rather, to acknowledge and adjust to change, they have to be persuaded and propelled enough. Jobs had picked colleagues by selecting multiplier variable of perfection. He accepted that the remarkable originators, specialists and directors are not just better than the great ones by 10% or 20 % yet 10 times better. He felt that exceptional items originate from their commitments. Disposing of Fear of Change: Steve's initiative has made the associations' mantra, together with its circulation and channel accomplices. While iTunes dispatch, individuals thought it may change the whole music industry. With the charming capacity Jobs disposed of the alarm of progress, and they attained to their 100% commitment and iTunes in the music business made an unrest (Aijcrnet 2014). Overseeing Changes in Distribution Strategy: The entire conveyance method may be disturbed at time by the development and Apple confronted the issue on their ipod propelling time. They made great connection with enormous box stores like WalMart, Target and so on before presenting them in the shopper hardware industry. For disseminating computerized music iTunes likewise constructed a complete new dispersion methodology effectively and that is the way Apple beat the changing issue in dissemination procedure (Skolkovo 2011). My leadership style having being put into same situation: It is no big surprise that Steve Jobs was one of the best leaders of 21st Century and apple has no match in its advancement. However things can further enhance and provide employees more opportunity to express their considerations. Additionally, if rather than Stick, Jobs could make do with some positive inspiration, it can do ponders for the organization the extent that worker steadfastness is concerned (Old.nios 2010). Steve Jobs, without a doubt, is a phenomenal appealing pioneer. The investigation in the report obviously demonstrates that the allure of Steve Jobs had courageous taken the organization to such statures. Yet Apple needs to think past Steve Jobs. The organization ought to begin focussing all the more on its future, for which it is truly critical that alternate parts of the association likewise begin scratching the heads and decrease their reliance on one man. Democratic leadership: The communication style of an Autocratic Leader is generally portrayed as restricted. They let you know precisely what they need done. The criticism you would get from this kind of pioneer would for the most part be unplanned. They would essentially let you know when you've committed an error. The choice making procedure is generally one-sided and they finish objectives by administering individuals. Since power not sound like the sort of pioneer you'd take after. It would be much better if Apple thinks beyond the Autocratic style and brings a Democratic system in their leadership. In spite of the fact that Steve Jobs method for driving imperiously will empower quicker choices to be made in the short term, yet the democratic leadership would provide subordinates the chance to pick up experience and begin all alone administration improvement, (Does not create future pioneers). The subordinates can't gain from their errors, and the chief is really de-skilling their workforce which will prompt poorer choices and benefit over the long haul. Participative Leadership Style: This is democratize sort of style, here pioneers includes their supporters into the choice settling on procedure and all the choice taken by the pioneers are participative by their adherents. A pioneer spurs his representatives to take choices and he amuses their proposals. This style sways workers to work with more endeavours. Albeit equitable pioneers settle on the last choices, they welcome different parts of the group to impart their perspectives before the choice making procedure. This not just expands work fulfilment by including colleagues, yet it likewise serves to create relationship building abilities'. Colleagues feel that they are controlling they could call their own predetermination, so they're spurred to buckle down by more than simply a monetary prize (Davidmeermanscott 2007). Since investment takes longer time, this methodology can take longer time, however regularly the deciding result is better. The methodology can be most suitable when acting as a group is vital piece of task or association, and when quality is more essential than rate to market, or profit (IBSCDC 2012). Free rein style Leadership Style: In this style leader permits his groups to take choices at their own particular and work uninhibitedly. It gives the awareness of other's expectations and power to the groups and they feel great to work at their own (UTK 2014). Laissez-faire leadership: This French expression signifies "abandon it be," and its utilized to portray pioneers who leave their colleagues to deal with their own. It can be viable in the association where the leader screens what's being attained to and imparts this once more to the group routinely. Frequently, this initiative is powerful when individual colleagues are exceptionally experienced and gifted starters toward oneself i.e. they needn't bother with consistent observing. Sadly, this sort of authority can likewise happen when supervisors don't have any significant bearing sufficient control. People-oriented leadership or relations-oriented leadership: This is the inverse of assignment situated initiative. With individuals arranged initiative, pioneers are totally centred on sorting out, supporting, and creating the individuals in their groups. It's termed as participative style, and it additionally has a tendency to energize great cooperation and innovative joint effort. Practically speaking, most pioneers utilization both errand situated and individuals arranged styles of initiative. Task-Oriented leadership: Profoundly errand arranged pioneers concentrate just on taking care of business by any methods, and they can be truly absolutist. They effectively characterize the work and the parts obliged, place structures set up, plan, arrange, and screen. Then again, as errand arranged pioneers don't have a tendency to contemplate the prosperity and welfare of their groups, this methodology can endure a large portion of the imperfections of absolutist administration, with challenges in inspiring and holding staff. An undertaking focused and order style where profoundly juvenile subordinates would be advised what to do. Offer: A relationship situated style where the Subordinates on lower side of development, would be convinced that a specific strategy is the most fitting. Subordinates on the high side of development will be treated with a certain measure of thought and help would be permitted to Participate in choice making. Appointment: Where subordinates, exceedingly develop will be viewed as equipped for practicing course toward oneself and restraint, and a high level of self-rule. The spotlight on genuinely situational nature of initiative and their distinguishment of the requirement for conduct adaptability from the pioneer. However the model tends to be prescriptive for measuring pioneer style, style extent, and adequacy it justifies significantly less great assessments. The idea of assignment pertinent development that had been thoughtfully uncertain. It has internal consistency issues, considerable calculated inconsistency, issues with the theoretical meaning of relationship conduct and conflicting contentions in regards to the suitability of participative choice making help. Then again, there are likewise various of shortcomings, which, Steve Jobs has. He focused around the announcements of individuals who have had immediate contact with him. To recognize conduct of best supervisor showed shaper group part as a minimum powerful. Jobs speak to likewise authoritative style of leadership. This methodology tends to powerless choice making process on the centre administration level. As of late Apple's administration group gives the impression of being more persuaded by fear of Steve than by their own particular innate viewpoints (Rose-hulman 2012) Jobs had turned into a living legend in term of initiative style. Since his conduct dishonours all current best practices of initiative. He exhibited long rundown of short of what prudent practices, from open censuring his representatives to upsetting practices inside gatherings to the tedious outline of each point of interest in item outlining procedure. However in opposite specialists and scholastics from initiative zone state: Never upbraid your subordinate freely! Rather, If important do it up close and personal The best pioneers keep up wide centre, while leaving points of interest to others The best supervisors are smooth and they find themselves able to control feelings Conclusion: Along these lines, does an autocratic style of initiative dependably guarantee authoritative achievement? The basic answer is no. A style of administration can never guarantee achievement however what could be done is to help that process and urge it into being a win. Despotic styles of administration are getting to be less and less material however there are still numerous settings in which they work. Entrepreneurial associations - particularly in their initial and developmental years - depend upon this particular style since without it one would be no conviction and compelling choice making. Where it comes up short is in bigger associations where workers hold more prominent force and there is some more formalized society. Majority rule government in choice making and including them is the key to keeping up worker inspiration which is key for the profit of the organization. Leaders are conceived not made, is by all accounts valid as pioneer concoct their own ideas and abilities, it was visible from the history as well, as some incredible pioneer were intended to be extraordinary and they had all authority qualities yet with time these pioneers polishes their abilities. They gain from the encounters and from previous cases. References: Myweb 2012, Leadership styles, accessed on 19th January 2015, Joe 2010, Leadership style- a key to effectiveness, accessed on 19th January 2015, The gin system 2013, Leadership styles, accessed on 19th January 2015, Leadership educators 2014, Remembering Apple CEO Steve Jobs as a Transformational Leader: Implications for Pedagogy, accessed on 19th January 2015, Stempledrang 2014, Leadership Styles of Carly Fiorina and Steve Jobs, accessed on 19th January 2015, McKnightaney 2012, Steve Jobs and Leadership Theory: Reconciliation Needed?, accessed on 19th January 2015, MDH 2012, The Real Leadership Lessons of Steve Jobs, accessed on 19th January 2015, Aijcrnet 2014, Leadership Analysis Using Management Tools: Steve Jobs, accessed on 19th January 2015, IBSCDC 2012, Leadership case study, accessed on 19th January 2015, Davidmeermanscott 2007, The secret of market driven leaders, accessed on 19th January 2015, Rose-hulman 2012, Leadership Styles, accessed on 19th January 2015, Skolkovo 2011, Leadership styles a powerful model, accessed on 19th January 2015, UTK 2014, Leadership Styles and Their Consequences, accessed on 19th January 2015, Old.nios 2010, Leadership, accessed on 19th January 2015,

Tourism in Shanghai

Abstract Tourism is one of the largest and major industries in the world. The sector has become a major source of income for numerous economies. Its significance is growing by the day. China, as the most populous country in the world, is projected to become a major market for both inbound and outbound tourists.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Tourism in Shanghai specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Consequently, Chinese authorities in the various provinces are promoting tourism in their regimes to attract both local and foreign visitors. Recently, the number of European tourists travelling to China has increased. The proposed study is an exploration of Shanghai to create a tourism experience for the European traveller. Various factors leading to this experience are analysed in the study. In addition, the factors that can facilitate more European tourists visiting Shanghai are explored. Introduction Background Information One of the major industries in the world today, and which is exhibiting considerable growth in importance, is that of tourism. The industry is a substantial source of income and employment in numerous economies worldwide. In addition, it is of social importance to many people. China currently boasts of the world’s largest population. It is predicted that the country is going to become a major source of global tourists in the 21st century. On the other hand, the country is also becoming a major tourist attraction. China’s opening up to the world in the last few decades has greatly enhanced its image as a popular tourist destination. Various Chinese cities are competing to become number one foreign tourist destinations. To this end, these cities are coming up with measures to woo more tourists. Some of these popular destinations include Shanghai, Guangzhou, Beijing, and Chengdu. In the recent past, diplomatic relations between the European states (EU) and Chi na have improved. For instance, more than 50 dialogues are currently taking place between the two sides through annual summits (Pantucci 2012).Advertising Looking for dissertation on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The dialogues focus on three major pillars. The three are economic and sectoral, strategic, and people-to-people relations between the two economies (Pantucci 2012). Tourism between the two regions falls under the people-to-people diplomatic concerns. China is undertaking considerable measures to make its cities major tourist destinations for the Europeans. Shanghai, as one of the large metropolitans in China, is a very popular tourist destination for both locals and foreigners. The various sites of attraction in the city create a unique tourism experience, giving the metropolis a major ranking globally. The authorities are putting in place measures to woo large numbers of tourists from Europe . Problem Statement According to Bayes (2004), Shanghai is a Chinese city with an allure of its own. It is characterised by a combination of western and local cultures. The city is sophisticated and cultured. In addition, it is emerging as a major economic powerhouse in China. Western visitors are usually amazed by its air of mystery. Some recent developments, however, threaten to jeopardise the standing of this region on the global tourist market. For example, in the recent past, China had not been very open to the world, and especially to the western countries. According to Lew and Yu (1995), before the 1970’s economic reforms, the country shunned external relations with other countries. Instead, the country focused on domestic industries, suppressing major economic relations with foreigners, including tourism engagements. The post 1978 economic reforms in China led to an open door policy, which has been a significant driver to the rapid development in the country. For inst ance, China has made considerable progress in foreign investments. The country has invested in more than 5973 enterprises outside its territories, with tourism being one of them (Lew 2001; Zhang 1995). Prior to the reforms, the country had very restrictive policies determining who entered as a tourist (Gareth Allan 2002). Until recently, language barriers made China an unpopular destination with European tourists. According to Hall and Page (2000), negative depictions of the country in the western media have also been an obstacle in wooing foreign tourists.Advertising We will write a custom dissertation sample on Tourism in Shanghai specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More It is a fact that some of the stories carried in foreign media outlets about this country may be right. However, some of these outlets ignore the positive aspects of the region, which reveal the attractiveness of the country to tourists from Europe. Several issues in relation to environment, pandemics, climate change, human rights, natural resources, as well as energy supplies and demand have been used to discredit China. Such coverage can and should be considered as selective. The coverage depicts China as a dangerous place, posing major threats to global environment (Tan 1986). However, since the adoption of the reforms and the open policy, China has become a major destination for global tourists, and especially Shanghai. The World Tourism Organisation (WTO) predicted that by 2020, the country would be the largest tourist destination in the world (Pantucci 2012). In addition, the country would also be among the largest in relation to overseas travel. The proposed study will explore Shanghai in order to create a tourism experience for the European travellers. The study will highlight the factors that are set to increase the number of European tourists visiting Shanghai-China. Creation of such experiences would dispel the popular notion discoura ging some European tourists from visiting China. Significance of the Research Tourism is currently recognised as the world’s largest and fastest growing industry (Cooper Wahab 2001). Although China is an emerging economy and EU a relatively developed one, both stand to gain immensely from tourism. In addition, this sector is making meaningful contributions to the development of Shanghai and EU economies. The contributions are especially apparent in foreign exchange earnings and job creation. Shanghai can further play a very significant role in wooing and convincing European tourists to come to China. Japan, Korea, USA, Taiwan, and Hong Kong are the leading sources of overseas tourists for Shanghai (World Expo 2010). The Expo further notes that tourists from Europe have increased over the years (World Expo 2010). Germany, France, and Britain were the leading origins of European tourists travelling to Shanghai. The proposed study is relevant to European and Shanghai tourism in dustries. It is important for Shanghai to create a comprehensive tourism experience for the European traveller. Knowledge on the systems of operation for the Shanghai tourism industry will be made available to the European tourist.Advertising Looking for dissertation on communications media? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Consequently, a new image of Shanghai as a choice destination will be enhanced. A popular perception of Shanghai as an exciting destination for leisure and business travellers can be enhanced through such an image. It is apparent that convincing the European tourist to venture into Shanghai requires data and resources that can be used to enhance the city’s image. The information also needs to be updated regularly to make it more relevant. Limitations and Delimitations of the Study Shanghai is a very modern city considered to be a major gateway destination in its own right. In addition to its modern infrastructure, the city has maintained most of its traditional features. Visitors have the privilege of seeing and experiencing the culture and history of China, as well as that of the city itself. The study will focus on the major attraction sites in Shanghai that can be used to create a lasting experience for any tourist. Shanghai is endowed with a number of such sites. The stud y will focus on the most popular ones. In the proposed study, European tourists are considered as individuals travelling for leisure from the EU countries. For the last thirty years, the number of European tourists to China has grown immensely. The signing of the Approved Destination Status (ADS) between China and the EU in 2004 further enhanced the prospect of more foreign tourists (Staiger 2004). Similarly, the agreement enhanced the prospects of more Chinese visiting the EU countries. The restriction of the current study on the EU countries is based on this fact. Literature Review Introduction Chapter one addressed the background to the proposed study and developed the problem statement. The current chapter will review various studies regarding Shanghai as a destination for foreign tourists. In addition, the chapter will highlight diplomatic relations between China and the EU. In addition, the major attraction sites for European tourists travelling to Shanghai will be analysed. F inally, the researcher will highlight the city’s destination management initiatives. Shanghai-China According to Bayes (2004), Shanghai is a city located on a coast. It acts as the gateway to the Yangtze River Delta, famous for its depiction of Chinese cultural and historical backgrounds. As a municipality, Shanghai is under the jurisdiction of China’s Central Government. It is also the largest trade and economic centre in the country. In addition, it has the largest port in China (World Expo 2010). Bisected by River Huangpu, Shanghai faces the East China Sea, which is a part of the Pacific Ocean. The city is the most populous metropolis in the world. As of 2013, it had a population of more than 24 million persons. The city is also a major global financial centre. Shanghai is known throughout the world due to its prosperous cosmopolitan features, which are complemented by its rich ‘humanistic’ resources (World Expo 2010). In the recent years, for instance, several modern buildings have been erected in the city. Some of these include Shanghai Museum, Shanghai Grand Theatre, Shanghai Library, and the popular Oriental Pearl Television Tower (Shanghai Jiao Tong University [SJTU] 2014). Other popular buildings include Jin Mao Tower, Shanghai City-Planning Exhibition Hall, Shanghai Circus City, and the Shanghai Science and Technology Museum (SJTU 2014). The buildings, together with other oriental architectural marvels, make up some of the most scenic sites in the city. In addition, colourful festivities, such as the Shanghai China International Art Festival and Shanghai Tourism Festival, are popular. All these elements act as significant tourist attractions for both locals and foreigners. Development of Diplomatic Relations between China and EU Countries Diplomatic relations between China and the EU began more than thirty years ago. According to Dai (2006), these relations began as early as May 1975. Subsequently, by the end of the 1970s, several events in relation to these relations took place. An example is the signing of an agreement between EU and China in Brussels. Other events include visits to China by the then presidents of the European Community and European Parliament (Zhang 1995). The launch of China’s economic reforms and policies regarding opening up of the country in 1970s further strengthened the ties. EU-China bilateral ties broadened in the 1980s, covering such aspects as academic and cultural exchange (Zhang 1995). Development of scientific programmes, as well as trade ties and cooperation, also deepened. The extent of these relations can be discerned from, for instance, the establishment of a Delegation of European Commission in Beijing. The delegation was established in 1988. The relations between the two sides were, however, strained following the crackdown on students’ protests in 1989 by the government (Zhang 1995). The incident, which took place at the Tiananmen Square, prompted the European Community to freeze ties with China (Pantucci 2012). Such sanctions as arms embargo followed. The sanctions were inspired by similar actions taken by the US against China. Freezing of the EU-China relations was however short lived. As the years progressed, the importance of China as a Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) became more apparent. Importance of China as a global competition frontier for the Triad Economies (Europe, US and Japan) also led to dropping of the sanctions. Three years following the massacre at Tiananmen Square, relations between China and the EU were normalised. The sanctions by the EU were dropped, with the exception of the arms embargo (Dai 2006). According to Zhang (1995), the EU-China relations have further deepened, since the 1990s. Several annual summits have been launched between the two sides, from 1998. In addition, high-profile visits between the two sides have further strengthened the relations. The two countries are finding that they are im portant to each other. The mutual feeling of importance is evident in the foreign policies relating to each other by the two sides. For instance in 2004, the EU became the largest trading partner of China (Dai 2006). On its part, China conducts significant trade volumes with the EU. For example, it was the second trading country in that year. It is thus evident that China and EU have very crucial and strong diplomatic ties, in the various social and economic aspects. Both sides benefit each other mutually. Consequently, Shanghai can seek to benefit from these relations, in furthering its tourism objectives with the EU. Major Tourist Attractions in Shanghai-China Perhaps the definition of a tourist attraction should precede creation of tourist experience in any destination of tourism. According to Wang and Pizam (2011), an attraction refers to any object, person, concept, or place that draws people so that they might have an experience. An attraction can either draw people geographic ally, or through remote electronic means as witnessed in the contemporary society. Tourism experience on the other hand can be spiritual, recreational or otherwise (Laws 1995). Shanghai as modern city has numerous attractions for leisure travellers from all walks of life. As an attraction for European tourists, various descriptions of the city make it a curiosity for leisure travellers. Bayes (2004) for instance describes the city as a mixture of both the Western and Chinese cultures. Such a description of the city enhances the perception of Shanghai as having an allure of its own. Shanghai can be regarded in tourism terms as cultured, sophisticated, and among the leading economic powerhouses of China. It is thus apparent that the city is not only a choice for leisure, but also for business travellers. Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower One of the major tourist attractions in Shanghai is the Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower. According to Eleftherios (2003), the tower is designed in a manner that it has eleven spheres (pearls), and three massive columns. Six high speed elevators built into the columns raise visitors to the viewing platform above. Although there are queues at the elevators, the viewing platform affords visitors a panoramic view of the city. The lighting of the building also presents an impressive scene. The light on the tower is alternated according to the weather pattern, controlled via a computer system (SJTU 2014). Although there are other taller buildings in the city, the tower remains a very significant tourist attraction in the city. Figure 1: Oriental Pearl Radio and Television Tower Source: SJTU (2014) The Bund The bund is the most famous landmark in Shanghai, regarded as a symbol of the new and the old (Eleftherios 2003). It is an imposing feature on the landscape of the country. It is four kilometres long. It stands out as one of the most important features in Shanghai. The landmark attracts both local and foreign tour ists. Earlier in the 1930s, the course of buildings constituting the bund hosted the city’s financial as well as commercial centres (Hall Page 2000). Numerous foreign banks and financial empires were hosted in the bund. Another feature is the Russian embassy in the city. It is an imposing blue structure near the bank of the river. In the colonial times both the British and the Japanese guards secured the bridge, which functioned as a boundary of territory (Zhang 1995). The western wing of the Bund is equally striking. A number of buildings with varying architectural designs are found here. For instance, Gothic, Romanesque, and Baroque architecture buildings can be seen here. The combination of these architectural marvels results to a unique boulevard, a very beautiful site for tourists. Figure 2: The Bund Source: SJTU (2014) Jade Buddha Temple Built during the era of the Guangxu of the Qing Dynasty (A.D. 1875-1909), the Jade Buddha Temple was burnt down during the early 20t h century (Zhang 1995). It was restored in 1918. The Song Dynasty architectural designs influenced the new structure. The temple is made up of different areas. One of them is the Main Hall (Zhang 1995). Today, the temple is occupied by a group of monks. In addition, the Shanghai Buddhist Instituted is housed in the shrine. A number of historical artefacts are also found in the temple. They include statues, religious scriptures, and paintings. Figure 3: The Jade Buddha Temple Source: SJTU (2014) The People’s Square It is another prominent feature in Shanghai. It is found at the centre of the city. The space occupied by the Square used to be a racing track before it was converted into a recreational feature for the larger public. The changes were carried out after the war, perhaps to cater for the rising demands for social amenities (Bayes 2004). The People’s Square is significantly different from similar features in the country. For example, most public spaces are made up of concrete. However, the People’s Square is more natural. It is made up of plants, including trees and lush bushes. In addition, the square is surrounded by marvellous buildings. The People’s Square covers an area of 140 000 square meters (Zhang 1995). At the northern end of the Square is the Municipal Government Mansion. The bureaucratic structure is, however, not accessible to members of the public. On the northwest lies the Shanghai Grand Theatre, constructed almost in entirety from glass. The Exhibition Hall for the City Planning is located on the East. The Shanghai Museum however constitutes the most impressive building located in the square (SJTU 2014). The structure is symmetrical and has a very smooth texture. The design was inspired by a traditional cooking pot. Figure 4: People’s Square Source: SJTU (2014) Yu Garden Many tourists are attracted to this feature. It is located in the south-western part of the city. It is near the Bund. Yu Garden can be described as a Chinese Disney, only that it exhibits different twists, such as being lower in quality. Yu Garden was first established by Pan Family in 1577, however it was destroyed twice in the 1800s (Zhang 1995). The Garden was however restored later. Although the garden usually has massive masses of people, visiting it while in Shanghai is worthwhile. Yu Garden occupies a strategic place in the city. The surrounding area is made up of the Old City God’s Temple, referred to as the ‘Chinese City’ during the colonial times (Zhang 1995). The area surrounding the Garden has however been recently renovated, with numerous tourist attraction shops. The small side streets and the antique market are also very attractive sites for tourists. Figure 5: Yu Garden Source: SJTU (2014) Xin Tian Di Xin Tian Di Plaza is constituted of two blocks, the North and the South (Dai 2006). The southern part of the building is made up of modern architecture. The design is accompani ed by Shikumen. Shikumen is a unique feature of Chinese architecture. It is a combination of domestic and foreign cultures. The northern part of the building is equally captivating. It also has elements of Shikumen design. It is a beautiful contrast of the rest of the building. The South block hosts a shopping, leisure and entertainment complex, covering 25 000 square meters (SJTU 2014). The South Block also has a series of international restaurants catering for the various world flavours. The same applies to the North Block. The restaurants specialise in American German, Italian, Brazilian, French, British, Japanese, and Taiwanese cuisine among others. The combination displays the international dimension of Shanghai as a tourist destination, capable for catering for a variety of foreign tourists. The dividing line between the North and South Blocks of Xin Tian Di (which is the Xingye Road), is the site of the First Congress Hall of the Chinese Communist Party (Zhang 1995). Figure 6 : Xin Tian Di Source: SJTU (2014) Destination Management in Shanghai-China The magnificent attractions in Shanghai can be used to woo the European tourist by the spectacular experience that they create. However, another important aspect to creating the desired tourism experience can be further achieved through destination management. In this case, Shanghai would be the destination. Mill and Morrison (2012) provide a working definition of destination management. Mill and Morrison (2012) regard it as the organisation of the various aspects of the destination mix. The elements constituting the mix should be in regard to a particular geographic area. In addition, these should be in relation to defined tourism plan or strategy. Destination mix elements comprises of the attractions, events and facilities within the geographic location (Morrison 2012). Others include infrastructure and transport and communication network. Destination management also comprises of branding and marketing a g iven location. The marketing is targeted at both local and international travellers. The various attraction sites, events, culture, among other aspects of Shanghai constitute the city’s destination mix elements. The destination mix of Shanghai develops the tourism experience that can attract more European tourists. The destination mix can also be regarded as the destination product, since the concepts are the same (Morrison 2012; Timothy 2001). According to Knapp and Sherwin (2005), every destination mix must exhibit at least the four products namely physical, people, packages and programs. Physical products include items such as the attractions, transportation, facilities, and infrastructure (Mill Morrison 2012). Tourists are drawn to the various attractions associated with a location, such as Shanghai. It is apparent from the major attraction sites of Shanghai that the city has impressive physical products, which it can offer to the European tourist. The modern infrastruct ure of Shanghai and the transport system supports safe and enjoyable travelling in the city (SJTU 2014). The hotel and restaurants in Shanghai meet the aspirations of the European traveller. The feature is another potential reason why the city is an emerging tourist destination. It is important to take into consideration the people element of the destination mix. To this end, the local population accommodates and entertains the foreign tourists (Morrison 2012). Local lifestyles and cultures also constitute the people aspect of the marketing mix. Shanghai city exhibits diverse cultures, from European, to Chinese. The various cultural events also indicate the awareness and appreciation of tourists by the city residents. Different combinations of packages and programs are availed to the tourist. The European traveller can purchase and use these combinations. A number of tour operators have come up with unique packages for those travelling to Shanghai city (Morrison 2012). Most of the p ackages are organised to attract different tourists. In addition, most of them are based on industry partnerships such travel and hospitality companies. The tourists can access the packages from conventional retail outlets. Such outlets include travel agents and online channels. Destination mix programs are unique. They include the various events organised for the travellers (Harris, Griffin Williams 2002; Mill Morrison 2012). The European tourists can be further drawn towards Shanghai through well designed and promoted events and festivals. Some European tourists have unique interests that should be addressed. The objective can be achieved through the use of prearranged packages. The city for instance hosts several colourful festivities such as the Shanghai China International Art Festival, and the Shanghai Tourism Festival (Lew Yu 1995). Shanghai has apparently made considerable effort in destination management, in order to become a global tourism choice, not only for the Europ eans. For instance, the city has introduced a policy allowing visitors jetting into the country to stay for three days without a visa (Tourism Review 2013). Travellers from more than 45 countries have already enjoyed the three day visa free stay in the ‘administrative area’ of Shanghai. In addition, the Shanghai Municipal Tourism Administration is seeking the Central Government permission to extend the same to the cruise terminals (Tourism Review 2013). The aptness of Shanghai authorities in destination management is also apparent from the various expos held by the city such as the Shanghai 2010 world expo (Mill and Morrison 2012). Objectives of such events by the city included attracting visitors globally. The events also advance Chinese culture, in the world. It is very easy to access many ports of China from Shanghai. Consequently, local organising committee sometimes organises trips for tourists within and outside the city (Tourism Review 2013). For instance, these trips can be to the neighbouring water towns or historical cities such as Suzhou and Hangzhou. Arrangements to visit other popular tourist attraction in China can be made in Shanghai to other locations such as Hong Kong, Xian and Beijing. These cities are only two-hour flight away. Conclusion The diplomatic relations between China and the EU are apparently a stepping stone for Shanghai, in attracting more tourists from these countries. In addition, these relations have been developed for the mutual benefits of the two sides. In attracting tourists from the European countries, Shanghai offers a wide range of attractions that create a unique and lasting tourism experience. The destination management initiatives of Shanghai also make the city a choice destination for European tourists in Asia. Research Methodology Introduction In chapter 2, a critical review of literature in this field was conducted. In this chapter, the design of the overall study is provided. The types of research me thods employed in the study are described. In addition, the techniques employed in the study are also elaborated in this chapter. Literature Review Collection of materials in relation to exploration of Shanghai in order to create an experience focusing on the European tourist was a relatively difficult task. Most of the literature found focused on tourism in China as a whole. In addition, materials focusing on specifically wooing the European tourists to Shanghai were even harder to come by. The literature review is majorly based on secondary materials that the author collected from libraries. In addition, online resources were extensively reviewed in order to develop a comprehensive image of Shanghai for the European tourist. Data Collection Techniques Generally, the bulk of this study is qualitative as opposed to quantitative. The title and objective of the study gives a certain orientation towards the methodology suitable for the study. Exploring Shanghai in order to create a tou rism experience for the European Tourist is the overall objective of the study. As indicated earlier, data collection is mostly based on materials collected from secondary sources in libraries and online databases. Travelling to the European countries to collect views on their perception of Shanghai as a tourist destination of choice could not be done. Consequently, primary data was collected through questionnaires mailed to several European countries. Popular tourist agencies were requested to select some of their clients, who responded to the questionnaires. The trip would be apparently very costly to the author, hence the option on the method of data collection. The author, however, made a point of touring most of Shanghai’s popular tourists’ attractions. The objective was to develop a firsthand experience, in order to enhance and compliment the information collected from the secondary sources. Data Analysis Despite of the study being qualitative, the responses from the questionnaires, as well as other secondary data need to be analysed. Consequently, the software SPSS version 10 would be used for the purpose of analysing and representing the data. SPSS refers to the Statistics Package for the Social Science. SPSS is an integrated system comprising of computer programs, used in the analysis of social data (Norman, Dale Hadlalh 1970). The system is designed in a manner that it provides social scientists with a comprehensive package. The package enables them various types of data analysis, in a very convenient and simple manner. Limitations of the Study Potential limitations to the study include: Since the research was limited to a tourism experience in Shanghai, the views represented do not necessary reflect destination China. Some of the respondents to the questionnaires might lack the specific aspect of the study which is focusing on Shanghai, and respond with a viewpoint of China as whole. The geographical area covered by the study is very large, hence become an impediment to collection of primary data in Shanghai and Europe directly by the author. Conclusion Shanghai offers a very fascinating, unique, and impressive destination for the European tourist. Traditionally, Europeans have shunned the idea of visiting this region, especially due to the distorted perceptions they had previously held about the country. It is apparent that the diplomatic relations between China and Europe are improving. Shanghai can take advantage of these developments to lure more tourists to the region. The proposed study will determine some of the factors that can increase the number of European tourists to Shanghai. References Bayes, R. 2004, ‘An economic powerhouse’, Travel Trade, vol. 1 no. 2, p.21. Cooper, C. Wahab, S. 2001, Tourism in the age of globalisation, Routledge, London. Dai, X. 2006, Understanding EU-China relations: an uncertain partnership in the making. Web. Eleftherios, A. 2003, ‘Tourism in China: reg ional distribution and economic impact’, AEEADE, vol. 3 no. 2, pp. 45-60. Gareth, S. Allan, M. 2002, Critical issues in tourism a geographical perspective, Blackwell Publishers, Inc., London, UK. Hall, C. Page, S. 2000, Tourism in South and Southeast Asia: issues and cases, Butterworth Heinemann, Oxford. Harris, R., Griffin, T. Williams, P. 2002, Sustainable tourism: a global perspective, Elsevier Science Ltd., Burlington. Knapp, D. Sherwin, G. 2005, Destination BrandScience, Destination Marketing Association International, Washington, DC. Laws, E. 1995, Tourist destination management: issues, analysis and policies, Routledge, London. Lew, A. Yu, L. 1995, Tourism in China: geographic, political and economic perspectives, Westview Press, New York. Lew, A. 2001, â€Å"Tourism development in China: the dilemma of bureaucratic decentralisation and economic liberalisation†, in D Harrison (ed), Tourism and less development world: issues and case studies, CABI Publishing , Wallingford, UK, pp. 23-32. Mill, R. Morrison, M. 2012, The tourism system, Kendall/Hunt Publishing, Dubuque, Iowa. Morrison, A. 2012, Marketing and managing tourism destinations, Routledge, London. Norman, N., Dale, H. Hadlalh, C. 1970, SPSS: Statistical Package for the Social Sciences, McGraw-Hill Book Company, New York. Pantucci, R. 2012, Diplomatic links. Europe China research and advice network. Web. Shanghai Jiao Tong University 2014, Shanghai at a glance. Web. Staiger, B. 2004, Timeline of Chinese-European cultural relations. Web. Tan, M. 1986, ‘China tourism: big growth, immediate problem’, China Reconstructs, vol. 35, no. 6, pp. 8-10. Timothy, D. 2001, Tourism and political boundaries, Routledge, London. Tourism Review 2013, Shanghai: visa-free stay luring tourists. Web. Wang, Y. Pizam, A. 2011, Destination Marketing and management: theories and applications, CABI, Wallingford. World Expo 2010, Shanghai China communication promotion plan. Web. Zhang, G. 1 995, â€Å"China’s tourism since 1978: Policies, experiences, and lessons learned†, in A Lew L Yu (eds), Tourism in China: geographic, political and economic perspectives, Westview Press, New York, pp. 49-59. 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Infant and Toddler Development and Programming Essays

Infant and Toddler Development and Programming Essays Infant and Toddler Development and Programming Essay Infant and Toddler Development and Programming Essay During preschool age children demonstrate it throughout their world, where as the enfant/toddler have the desires to be initiative in their environment. This KID is different in preschoolers because , a preschooler demonstrates their desires throughout the opportunities that are given to them and act upon it quickly and go with it. Difference: Reflection is only shown in Preschool development Kids Reflection is not shown in Infants and Toddlers because they are not at the stage where they can express their experiences in language. An Infant or Toddler has not yet development extensive language to perform a reflection. Social Emotional Development Emotions Similarity: Emotions is listed in both Pre-school and Infant Kids. It is clear, that both age groups display their emotions in their environment. Boredom, sadness, frustration etc. ). Difference: Preschoolers recognize, label, and regulate their feelings whereas Infants and Toddlers only express it. This means that Infants are not developmentally capable to identify or distinguish certain feelings. Emotions are different in both because an infant is not developmentally capable of identifying their feelings using their language. They have no yet developed the engage that will help them express their feelings. Physical Development and Health Infant/ Toddlers KID: (13) Moving the whole body Preschool KID: (16) Gross Motor skills similarity: These Kids are similar because both age groups are using their large muscles (legs, arms etc). Both involve movement with the body. This KID is similar because both age groups have the desire to move their body muscles to achieve a goal. Difference: The difference between these Kids is that they are named differently. Preschoolers only demonstrate the strength, flexibility balance, and timing in using heir large muscles. Infants are not developmentally ready to demonstrate their large muscle skills because they are still working on their basics of movement (balancing head, lying down on tummy). Preschoolers have already achieved the basics of movement and are now expanding what they know in basics of movement they learned in toddlers. Classroom strategies Choose one Infant-Toddler KID from the first three categories and describe two specific things that you could say, do or provide as an Educator to support learning in he classroom. You must provide two specific, developmentally appropriate strategies are provided that relate to the selected KID Key Developmental Indicator For Children playing with others Strategy 1: Look at childrens actions from their viewpoint. Two people often see the same situation from differing viewpoints, depending in their individual experience, culture, problem-solving approach, and temperament. So when they are playing with others imagine how they are thinking and what the other children are thinking o better understand their reactions, or lack of reactions Strategy 2: Focusing on childrens strengths and interests is a great way to reduce favori tism and reduce playing for competition, or sport. Which is often brought from home and can carry over to simple games where fun is the primary goal (or one of the many things play brings). Child A says l finished before B Im better!!! you can say l see youre able to do X quickly, is this your first time doing it? then approach the other child and express something they are doing well. Part 2

Credit & Lending Decisions Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

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